fix(realesrgan): fixed incorrect type for ncnn::Mat elemsize

Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>
docs(video2x): updated command line help messages
2026-02-10 23:13:36 +08:00 · 2024-10-26 00:00:00 +00:00 · 2024-10-26 00:00:00 +00:00 · 2024-10-26 00:00:00 +00:00 · 2024-10-26 00:00:00 +00:00 · 2024-10-25 00:00:00 +00:00
50 changed files with 12071 additions and 657 deletions
--- a/.github/FUNDING.yml
+++ b/.github/FUNDING.yml
@@ -1,12 +1,2 @@
-# These are supported funding model platforms
-
 github: k4yt3x
 patreon: k4yt3x
-open_collective: # Replace with a single Open Collective username
-ko_fi: # Replace with a single Ko-fi username
-tidelift: # Replace with a single Tidelift platform-name/package-name e.g., npm/babel
-community_bridge: # Replace with a single Community Bridge project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
-liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username
-issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username
-otechie: # Replace with a single Otechie username
-custom: # Replace with up to 4 custom sponsorship URLs e.g., ['link1', 'link2']
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ on:
      - dev
  pull_request: {}
  workflow_dispatch: {}
+
 jobs:
  ubuntu:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -29,11 +30,12 @@ jobs:
            libswscale-dev \
            libvulkan-dev \
            glslang-tools \
-            libomp-dev
+            libomp-dev \
+            libopencv-dev
      - name: Build Video2X
        run: |
          mkdir -p /tmp/build /tmp/install
-          cmake -B /tmp/build -S . -DUSE_SYSTEM_NCNN=OFF \
+          cmake -B /tmp/build -S . -DUSE_SYSTEM_NCNN=OFF -DUSE_SYSTEM_SPDLOG=OFF \
            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ \
            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/install \
            -DINSTALL_BIN_DESTINATION=. -DINSTALL_INCLUDE_DESTINATION=include \
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          name: video2x-nightly-linux-amd64
          path: /tmp/install
+
  windows:
    runs-on: windows-latest
    steps:
@@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          $ffmpegVersion = "7.1"
          $ncnnVersion = "20240820"
+          $opencvVersion = "4.10.0"

          git submodule update --init --recursive

@@ -71,9 +75,16 @@ jobs:
          curl -Lo ncnn-shared.zip "https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn/releases/download/$ncnnVersion/ncnn-$ncnnVersion-windows-vs2022-shared.zip"
          Expand-Archive -Path ncnn-shared.zip -DestinationPath third_party
          Rename-Item -Path "third_party/ncnn-$ncnnVersion-windows-vs2022-shared" -NewName ncnn-shared
+
+          curl -Lo opencv-shared.exe "https://github.com/opencv/opencv/releases/download/$opencvVersion/opencv-$opencvVersion-windows.exe"
+          7z x opencv-shared.exe -y
+          Move-Item -Path opencv -Destination third_party\opencv-shared
      - name: Build Video2X
+        shell: pwsh
        run: |
-          cmake -S . -B build -DUSE_SYSTEM_NCNN=OFF -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=build/video2x_install
+          cmake -S . -B build `
+            -DUSE_SYSTEM_NCNN=OFF -DUSE_SYSTEM_SPDLOG=OFF -DUSE_SYSTEM_OPENCV=OFF `
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=build/video2x_install
          cmake --build build --config Debug --parallel --target install
      - name: Upload artifacts
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -4,17 +4,20 @@ on:
    tags:
      - "*"

+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
 jobs:
  setup:
    if: github.event.base_ref == 'refs/heads/master'
    name: Setup
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
-      tag: ${{ steps.get_tag.outputs.tag }}
+      version: ${{ steps.get_version.outputs.version }}
    steps:
-      - name: Get tag
-        id: get_tag
-        run: echo ::set-output name=tag::${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}
+      - name: Get version
+        id: get_version
+        run: echo version=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//} >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

  container:
    name: Build and upload container
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
          password: ${{ secrets.GHCR_TOKEN }}
          dockerfile: Dockerfile
          image: video2x
-          tags: latest, ${{ needs.setup.outputs.tag }}
+          tags: latest, ${{ needs.setup.outputs.version }}

  create-release:
    name: Create release
@@ -45,11 +48,10 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - name: Create release
        id: create_release
-        uses: actions/create-release@v1
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
        with:
-          tag_name: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.tag }}
-          release_name: Video2X ${{ needs.setup.outputs.tag }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          tag_name: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.version }}
+          release_name: Video2X ${{ needs.setup.outputs.version }}
          draft: true
          prerelease: false
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ b/.gitmodules
@@ -4,3 +4,9 @@
 [submodule "third_party/ncnn"]
 	path = third_party/ncnn
 	url = https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn.git
+[submodule "third_party/spdlog"]
+	path = third_party/spdlog
+	url = https://github.com/gabime/spdlog.git
+[submodule "third_party/opencv"]
+	path = third_party/opencv
+	url = https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
-project(video2x VERSION 6.0.0 LANGUAGES CXX C)
+project(video2x VERSION 6.0.0 LANGUAGES C CXX)

 # Set the C standard
-set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
+set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

 # Set the C++ standard
@@ -28,18 +28,47 @@ if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Release")
    endif()
 endif()

+# Set global compile options for all targets
+if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "MSVC")
+    add_compile_options(/W4 /permissive-)
+elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU" OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+    add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wconversion -Wshadow)
+endif()
+
 # Build options
 option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build libvideo2x as a shared library" ON)
-option(BUILD_VIDEO2X "Build the video2x executable" ON)
+option(BUILD_VIDEO2X_CLI "Build the video2x executable" ON)
+option(USE_SYSTEM_SPDLOG "Use system spdlog library" ON)
+option(USE_SYSTEM_OPENCV "Use system OpenCV library" ON)
 option(USE_SYSTEM_NCNN "Use system ncnn library" ON)

+# Generate the version header file
+configure_file(
+    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/libvideo2x/version.h.in"
+    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/libvideo2x/version.h"
+    @ONLY
+)
+
+# Find the required packages
 set(ALL_INCLUDE_DIRS)
 set(ALL_LIBRARIES)

+# spdlog
+if (USE_SYSTEM_SPDLOG)
+    find_package(spdlog REQUIRED)
+    list(APPEND ALL_INCLUDE_DIRS ${spdlog_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    list(APPEND ALL_LIBRARIES spdlog::spdlog)
+else()
+    add_subdirectory(third_party/spdlog)
+    list(APPEND ALL_LIBRARIES spdlog::spdlog_header_only)
+endif()
+
+# Platform-specific dependencies
 if(WIN32)
    # Define base paths for FFmpeg and ncnn
    set(FFMPEG_BASE_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/ffmpeg-shared)
    set(NCNN_BASE_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/ncnn-shared/x64)
+    set(OPENCV_BASE_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/opencv-shared)

    # FFmpeg
    list(APPEND ALL_LIBRARIES
@@ -54,7 +83,9 @@ if(WIN32)

    # ncnn
    # TODO: Figure out why this file is not being copied to the install directory
-    set(SPIRV_BUILD_PATH ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/realesrgan-prefix/src/realesrgan-build/ncnn/glslang/SPIRV)
+    set(SPIRV_BUILD_PATH
+        ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/realesrgan-prefix/src/realesrgan-build/ncnn/glslang/SPIRV
+    )
    if (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Release")
        set(SPIRV_LIB ${SPIRV_BUILD_PATH}/Release/SPIRV.lib)
    else()
@@ -66,8 +97,12 @@ if(WIN32)
        ${SPIRV_LIB}
    )
    list(APPEND ALL_INCLUDE_DIRS ${NCNN_BASE_PATH}/include/ncnn)
+
+    # OpenCV
+    list(APPEND ALL_LIBRARIES ${OPENCV_BASE_PATH}/build/x64/vc16/lib/opencv_world4100.lib)
+    list(APPEND ALL_INCLUDE_DIRS ${OPENCV_BASE_PATH}/build/include)
 else()
-    # Find the required packages using pkg-config
+    # FFmpeg
    find_package(PkgConfig REQUIRED)
    set(REQUIRED_PKGS
        libavcodec
@@ -84,11 +119,55 @@ else()
        list(APPEND ALL_INCLUDE_DIRS ${${PKG}_INCLUDE_DIRS})
        list(APPEND ALL_LIBRARIES ${${PKG}_LIBRARIES})
    endforeach()
-endif()

-# Remove duplicate entries
-list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES ALL_INCLUDE_DIRS)
-list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES ALL_LIBRARIES)
+    # OpenCV
+    if (USE_SYSTEM_OPENCV)
+        find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
+        list(APPEND ALL_INCLUDE_DIRS ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}/opencv2)
+        list(APPEND ALL_LIBRARIES opencv_core opencv_videoio)
+    else()
+        option(BUILD_opencv_calib3d "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_core "" ON)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_dnn "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_features2d "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_flann "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_gapi "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_highgui "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_imgcodecs "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_imgproc "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_java "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_js "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_ml "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_objc "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_objdetect "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_photo "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_python "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_python2 "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_python3 "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_stitching "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_ts "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_video "" OFF)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_videoio "" ON)
+        option(BUILD_opencv_world "" OFF)
+
+        option(WITH_PNG "" OFF)
+        option(WITH_JPEG "" OFF)
+        option(WITH_TIFF "" OFF)
+        option(WITH_WEBP "" OFF)
+        option(WITH_OPENJPEG "" OFF)
+        option(WITH_JASPER "" OFF)
+        option(WITH_OPENEXR "" OFF)
+        option(WITH_IMGCODEC "" OFF)
+
+        add_subdirectory(third_party/opencv)
+        list(APPEND ALL_INCLUDE_DIRS
+            ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/opencv/include
+            ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/opencv/modules/core/include
+            ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/opencv/modules/videoio/include
+        )
+        list(APPEND ALL_LIBRARIES opencv_core opencv_videoio)
+    endif() # USE_SYSTEM_OPENCV
+endif() # WIN32

 # Find ncnn package
 if(USE_SYSTEM_NCNN)
@@ -205,6 +284,10 @@ ExternalProject_Add(
    INSTALL_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build . --target install --config ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}
 )

+# Remove duplicate entries
+list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES ALL_INCLUDE_DIRS)
+list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES ALL_LIBRARIES)
+
 # Add all source files for libvideo2x
 file(GLOB LIBVIDEO2X_SOURCES src/*.cpp)

@@ -223,13 +306,14 @@ add_dependencies(libvideo2x realesrgan)
 # Include directories for the shared library
 target_include_directories(libvideo2x PRIVATE
    ${ALL_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/libvideo2x
    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/libreal_esrgan_ncnn_vulkan/src
 )

 # Compile options for the shared library
 target_compile_options(libvideo2x PRIVATE
-    -Wall
    -fPIC
    $<$<CONFIG:Release>:-Ofast>
    $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:-g -DDEBUG>
@@ -237,7 +321,7 @@ target_compile_options(libvideo2x PRIVATE

 # Define the path to the built libresrgan-ncnn-vulkan library
 if(WIN32)
-    set(REALESRGAN_LIB ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/realesrgan_install/lib/realesrgan-ncnn-vulkan.lib)
+    set(REALESRGAN_LIB ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/realesrgan_install/lib/librealesrgan-ncnn-vulkan.lib)
 else()
    set(REALESRGAN_LIB ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/realesrgan_install/lib/librealesrgan-ncnn-vulkan.so)
 endif()
@@ -254,21 +338,19 @@ if(NOT WIN32)
 endif()

 # Create the executable 'video2x'
-if (BUILD_VIDEO2X)
+if (BUILD_VIDEO2X_CLI)
    add_executable(video2x src/video2x.c src/getopt.c)
    set_target_properties(video2x PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME video2x)

    # Include directories for the executable
    target_include_directories(video2x PRIVATE
        ${ALL_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
    )

    # Compile options for the executable
-    target_compile_options(video2x PRIVATE
-        -Wall
-        $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:-g -DDEBUG>
-    )
+    target_compile_options(video2x PRIVATE $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:-g -DDEBUG>)

    # Link the executable with the shared library
    target_link_libraries(video2x PRIVATE ${ALL_LIBRARIES} libvideo2x)
@@ -277,16 +359,20 @@ endif()
 # Define the default installation directories
 if(WIN32)
    set(BIN_DESTINATION_DEFAULT ".")
-    set(INCLUDE_DESTINATION_DEFAULT "include")
+    set(INCLUDE_DESTINATION_DEFAULT "include/libvideo2x")
    set(LIB_DESTINATION_DEFAULT ".")
    set(MODEL_DESTINATION_DEFAULT ".")
 else()
    set(BIN_DESTINATION_DEFAULT "bin")
-    set(INCLUDE_DESTINATION_DEFAULT "include")
+    set(INCLUDE_DESTINATION_DEFAULT "include/libvideo2x")
    set(LIB_DESTINATION_DEFAULT "lib")
    set(MODEL_DESTINATION_DEFAULT "share/video2x")
 endif()

+# Explicitly set the output paths since OpenCV changes these variables
+set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
+set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
+
 # Set the installation directories
 set(INSTALL_BIN_DESTINATION ${BIN_DESTINATION_DEFAULT} CACHE STRING "")
 set(INSTALL_INCLUDE_DESTINATION ${INCLUDE_DESTINATION_DEFAULT} CACHE STRING "")
@@ -306,31 +392,58 @@ install(TARGETS libvideo2x
 # Install model files
 install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/models DESTINATION ${INSTALL_MODEL_DESTINATION})

-# Install the executable if BUILD_VIDEO2X is enabled
-if(BUILD_VIDEO2X)
+# Install the executable if BUILD_VIDEO2X_CLI is enabled
+if(BUILD_VIDEO2X_CLI)
    install(TARGETS video2x RUNTIME DESTINATION ${INSTALL_BIN_DESTINATION})
 endif()

 # Install the header file
-install(FILES ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/libvideo2x.h DESTINATION ${INSTALL_INCLUDE_DESTINATION})
+install(FILES ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/libvideo2x/libvideo2x.h
+    DESTINATION ${INSTALL_INCLUDE_DESTINATION}
+)
+install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/libvideo2x/version.h
+    DESTINATION ${INSTALL_INCLUDE_DESTINATION}
+)

 # Platform-specific installation rules
 if(WIN32)
    # Install Windows-specific dependencies
-    install(FILES ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/realesrgan_install/bin/realesrgan-ncnn-vulkan.dll
+    install(FILES ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/realesrgan_install/bin/librealesrgan-ncnn-vulkan.dll
        DESTINATION ${INSTALL_BIN_DESTINATION}
        PERMISSIONS OWNER_READ OWNER_WRITE OWNER_EXECUTE
                    GROUP_READ GROUP_EXECUTE
                    WORLD_READ WORLD_EXECUTE
    )
-    install(FILES ${NCNN_BASE_PATH}/bin/ncnn.dll DESTINATION ${INSTALL_BIN_DESTINATION}
+    install(FILES ${FFMPEG_BASE_PATH}/bin/swscale-8.dll
+                  ${FFMPEG_BASE_PATH}/bin/avcodec-61.dll
+                  ${FFMPEG_BASE_PATH}/bin/avdevice-61.dll
+                  ${FFMPEG_BASE_PATH}/bin/avfilter-10.dll
+                  ${FFMPEG_BASE_PATH}/bin/avformat-61.dll
+                  ${FFMPEG_BASE_PATH}/bin/avutil-59.dll
+                  ${FFMPEG_BASE_PATH}/bin/postproc-58.dll
+                  ${FFMPEG_BASE_PATH}/bin/swresample-5.dll
+        DESTINATION ${INSTALL_BIN_DESTINATION}
+        PERMISSIONS OWNER_READ OWNER_WRITE OWNER_EXECUTE
+                    GROUP_READ GROUP_EXECUTE
+                    WORLD_READ WORLD_EXECUTE
+    )
+    install(FILES ${OPENCV_BASE_PATH}/build/x64/vc16/bin/opencv_world4100.dll
+                  ${OPENCV_BASE_PATH}/build/x64/vc16/bin/opencv_videoio_msmf4100_64.dll
+        DESTINATION ${INSTALL_BIN_DESTINATION}
+        PERMISSIONS OWNER_READ OWNER_WRITE OWNER_EXECUTE
+                    GROUP_READ GROUP_EXECUTE
+                    WORLD_READ WORLD_EXECUTE
+    )
+    install(FILES ${NCNN_BASE_PATH}/bin/ncnn.dll
+        DESTINATION ${INSTALL_BIN_DESTINATION}
        PERMISSIONS OWNER_READ OWNER_WRITE OWNER_EXECUTE
                    GROUP_READ GROUP_EXECUTE
                    WORLD_READ WORLD_EXECUTE
    )
 else()
    # Install Unix-specific dependencies
-    install(FILES ${REALESRGAN_LIB} DESTINATION ${INSTALL_LIB_DESTINATION}
+    install(FILES ${REALESRGAN_LIB}
+        DESTINATION ${INSTALL_LIB_DESTINATION}
        PERMISSIONS OWNER_READ OWNER_WRITE OWNER_EXECUTE
                    GROUP_READ GROUP_EXECUTE
                    WORLD_READ WORLD_EXECUTE
--- a/16
+++ b/16
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 # Name: Video2X Dockerfile
 # Creator: K4YT3X
 # Date Created: February 3, 2022
-# Last Modified: October 7, 2024
+# Last Modified: October 21, 2024

 # stage 1: build the python components into wheels
 FROM docker.io/archlinux:latest AS builder

 # Install dependencies and create a non-root user
 RUN pacman -Syy --noconfirm \
-        base-devel ffmpeg ncnn git cmake make clang pkgconf vulkan-headers openmp sudo \
+        base-devel git cmake make clang pkgconf sudo \
+        ffmpeg ncnn vulkan-headers openmp spdlog opencv \
        nvidia-utils vulkan-radeon vulkan-intel vulkan-swrast \
    && useradd -m builder \
    && echo 'builder ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' > /etc/sudoers.d/builder
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ WORKDIR /video2x

 # Build the package
 RUN makepkg -s --noconfirm \
-    && find /video2x -maxdepth 1 -name '*.pkg.tar.zst' | head -n 1 | \
+    && find /video2x -maxdepth 1 -name 'video2x-*.pkg.tar.zst' ! -name '*-debug-*' | head -n 1 | \
        xargs -I {} cp {} /tmp/video2x.pkg.tar.zst

 # stage 2: install wheels into the final image
@@ -31,13 +32,12 @@ LABEL maintainer="K4YT3X <i@k4yt3x.com>" \

 ENV VK_ICD_FILENAMES=/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/nvidia_icd.json\
 :/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/radeon_icd.x86_64.json\
-:/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/intel_icd.x86_64.json
+:/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/intel_icd.x86_64.json\
+:/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/lvp_icd.x86_64.json

 COPY --from=builder /tmp/video2x.pkg.tar.zst /video2x.pkg.tar.zst
-COPY . /video2x
-WORKDIR /video2x
-RUN pacman -Sy --noconfirm ffmpeg ncnn \
-        nvidia-utils vulkan-radeon vulkan-intel vulkan-swrast \
+RUN pacman -Sy --noconfirm nvidia-utils vulkan-radeon vulkan-intel vulkan-swrast \
+        ffmpeg ncnn spdlog opencv \
    && pacman -U --noconfirm /video2x.pkg.tar.zst \
    && rm -rf /video2x.pkg.tar.zst /var/cache/pacman/pkg/*

--- a/113
+++ b/113
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
-.PHONY: build static debug windows test-realesrgan test-libplacebo leakcheck clean
+.PHONY: build static debug clean \
+	test-realesrgan test-libplacebo \
+	memcheck-realesrgan memcheck-libplacebo \
+	heaptrack-realesrgan heaptrack-libplacebo

 BINDIR=build
 CC=clang
 CXX=clang++

+TEST_VIDEO=data/standard-test.mp4
+TEST_OUTPUT=data/output.mp4
+
 build:
 	cmake -S . -B $(BINDIR) \
 		-DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON \
@@ -19,8 +25,7 @@ static:
 		-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$(CC) \
 		-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$(CXX) \
 		-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-		-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF \
-		-DUSE_SYSTEM_NCNN=OFF
+		-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF
 	cmake --build $(BINDIR) --config Release --parallel
 	cp $(BINDIR)/compile_commands.json .

@@ -33,39 +38,75 @@ debug:
 	cmake --build $(BINDIR) --config Debug --parallel
 	cp $(BINDIR)/compile_commands.json .

-test-realesrgan:
-	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(BINDIR) $(BINDIR)/video2x -i data/standard-test.mp4 -o data/output.mp4 \
-		-f realesrgan -r 4 --model realesr-animevideov3
-
-test-libplacebo:
-	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(BINDIR) $(BINDIR)/video2x -i data/standard-test.mp4 -o data/output.mp4 \
-		-f libplacebo -w 1920 -h 1080 -s anime4k-mode-a
-
-leakcheck-realesrgan:
-	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(BINDIR) valgrind \
-		--tool=memcheck \
-		--leak-check=full \
-		--show-leak-kinds=all \
-		--track-origins=yes \
-		--show-reachable=yes \
-		--verbose --log-file="valgrind.log" \
-		$(BINDIR)/video2x \
-		-i data/standard-test.mp4 -o data/output.mp4 \
-		-f realesrgan -r 2 --model realesr-animevideov3 \
-		-p veryfast -b 1000000 -q 30
-
-leakcheck-libplacebo:
-	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(BINDIR) valgrind \
-		--tool=memcheck \
-		--leak-check=full \
-		--show-leak-kinds=all \
-		--track-origins=yes \
-		--show-reachable=yes \
-		--verbose --log-file="valgrind.log" \
-		$(BINDIR)/video2x \
-		-i data/standard-test.mp4 -o data/output.mp4 \
-		-f libplacebo -w 1920 -h 1080 -s anime4k-mode-a \
-		-p veryfast -b 1000000 -q 30
+debian:
+	apt-get update
+	apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+		build-essential cmake clang pkg-config \
+		libavcodec-dev \
+		libavdevice-dev \
+		libavfilter-dev \
+		libavformat-dev \
+		libavutil-dev \
+		libswscale-dev \
+		libvulkan-dev \
+		glslang-tools \
+		libomp-dev \
+		libspdlog-dev \
+		libopencv-dev
+	cmake -B /tmp/build -S . -DUSE_SYSTEM_NCNN=OFF \
+		-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$(CC) -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$(CXX) \
+		-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/install \
+		-DINSTALL_BIN_DESTINATION=. -DINSTALL_INCLUDE_DESTINATION=include \
+		-DINSTALL_LIB_DESTINATION=. -DINSTALL_MODEL_DESTINATION=.
+	cmake --build /tmp/build --config Release --target install --parallel

 clean:
 	rm -rf $(BINDIR)
+
+test-realesrgan:
+	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(BINDIR) $(BINDIR)/video2x -i $(TEST_VIDEO) -o $(TEST_OUTPUT) \
+		-f realesrgan -r 4 -m realesr-animevideov3
+
+test-libplacebo:
+	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(BINDIR) $(BINDIR)/video2x -i $(TEST_VIDEO) -o $(TEST_OUTPUT) \
+		-f libplacebo -w 1920 -h 1080 -s anime4k-mode-a
+
+memcheck-realesrgan:
+	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(BINDIR) valgrind \
+		--tool=memcheck \
+		--leak-check=full \
+		--show-leak-kinds=all \
+		--track-origins=yes \
+		--show-reachable=yes \
+		--verbose --log-file="valgrind.log" \
+		$(BINDIR)/video2x \
+		-i $(TEST_VIDEO) -o $(TEST_OUTPUT) \
+		-f realesrgan -r 2 -m realesr-animevideov3 \
+		-p veryfast -b 1000000 -q 30
+
+memcheck-libplacebo:
+	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(BINDIR) valgrind \
+		--tool=memcheck \
+		--leak-check=full \
+		--show-leak-kinds=all \
+		--track-origins=yes \
+		--show-reachable=yes \
+		--verbose --log-file="valgrind.log" \
+		$(BINDIR)/video2x \
+		-i $(TEST_VIDEO) -o $(TEST_OUTPUT) \
+		-f libplacebo -w 1920 -h 1080 -s anime4k-mode-a \
+		-p veryfast -b 1000000 -q 30
+
+heaptrack-realesrgan:
+	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(BINDIR) HEAPTRACK_ENABLE_DEBUGINFOD=1 heaptrack \
+		$(BINDIR)/video2x \
+		-i $(TEST_VIDEO) -o $(TEST_OUTPUT) \
+		-f realesrgan -r 4 -m realesr-animevideov3 \
+		-p veryfast -b 1000000 -q 30
+
+heaptrack-libplacebo:
+	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(BINDIR) HEAPTRACK_ENABLE_DEBUGINFOD=1 heaptrack \
+		$(BINDIR)/video2x \
+		-i $(TEST_VIDEO) -o $(TEST_OUTPUT) \
+		-f libplacebo -w 1920 -h 1080 -s anime4k-mode-a \
+		-p veryfast -b 1000000 -q 30
--- a/6
+++ b/6
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 pkgname=video2x
-pkgver=r862.f590ead
+pkgver=r843.e09f348
 pkgrel=1
-pkgdesc="A lossless video super resolution framework"
+pkgdesc="A machine learning-based lossless video super resolution framework"
 arch=('x86_64')
 url="https://github.com/k4yt3x/video2x"
 license=('AGPL3')
-depends=('ffmpeg' 'ncnn' 'vulkan-driver')
+depends=('ffmpeg' 'ncnn' 'vulkan-driver' 'opencv' 'spdlog')
 makedepends=('git' 'cmake' 'make' 'clang' 'pkgconf' 'vulkan-headers' 'openmp')

 pkgver() {
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <p align="center">
-   <img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/0c6c5d31-7fd5-4e50-b41e-91a58aae995c"/>
+   <img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/5cd63373-e806-474f-94ec-6e04963bf90f"/>
   </br>
   <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/k4yt3x/video2x?style=flat-square"/>
   <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/k4yt3x/video2x/build.yml?label=Build&style=flat-square"/>
@@ -8,13 +8,21 @@
   <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json?color=%23e85b46&label=Patreon&query=data.attributes.patron_count&suffix=%20patrons&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patreon.com%2Fapi%2Fcampaigns%2F4507807&style=flat-square"/>
 </p>

+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Versions 4 and 5 have reached end-of-life (EOL) status. Due to limited development resources, issues related to any version earlier than 6 will no longer be addressed.
+
 ## 🌟 Version 6.0.0 Preview

+**[Direct download link for Windows (Installer)](https://github.com/k4yt3x/video2x/releases/download/6.0.0-beta.4/video2x-qt6-windows-amd64-installer.exe)**
+
+![6.0.0-beta-screenshot](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/bd9e0b82-67ee-4b62-a830-a694db6f5de3)
+
 Version 6.0.0 is a complete rewrite of this project in C/C++. It:

- actually works, with less pain;
+- actually works this time, with less pain (in comparison to 5.0.0 beta);
 - is blazing fast, thanks to the redesigned efficient pipeline and the speed of C/C++;
 - is cross-platform, available right now for both Windows and Linux;
+- provides much better output quality with Anime4K v4 and RealESRGAN;
 - supports Anime4K v4 and all other custom MPV-compatible GLSL shaders;
 - supports RealESRGAN (all three models) via ncnn and Vulkan;
 - requires 0 disk space for processing the video, just space for storing the final output; and
@@ -22,16 +30,17 @@ Version 6.0.0 is a complete rewrite of this project in C/C++. It:

 These are available for download now:

- 6.0.0 beta CLI preview builds for Windows and Linux are on the [releases page](https://github.com/k4yt3x/video2x/releases).
+- **6.0.0 beta Qt6-based GUI for Windows** is on the [releases page](https://github.com/k4yt3x/video2x/releases).
+- **6.0.0 beta CLI preview builds for Windows and Linux** are on the [releases page](https://github.com/k4yt3x/video2x/releases).
  - You will need to install the dependencies and set `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` for the Linux build to work. Refer to the [PKGBUILD](PKGBUILD) file to see what needs to be installed.
  - Alternatively, you can build it from source. Take a look at the [Makefile](Makefile).
 - 6.0.0 beta AUR package for Arch Linux (`video2x-git`).
 - 6.0.0 beta [container image](https://github.com/k4yt3x/video2x/pkgs/container/video2x).
- A GUI for 6.0.0 is in the making. More information about it will be available soon.
+- A new Colab will be made for 6.0.0 at a later time.

 There is still much to be done and optimize. Stay tuned for more updates. As for why the 5.0.0 branch was abandoned, here are some of the reasons:

- Wrapped C++ libraries for Python is too painful to build for cross-platform distribution.
+- Wrapped C++ libraries for Python are too painful to build for cross-platform distribution.
 - Some wrapped C++ libraires exhibited unexpected behaviors.
 - Running FFmpeg via commands and piping data through stdin/stdout are inefficient.
 - C/C++ native binaries are much smaller and much more efficient.
@@ -42,7 +51,7 @@ Join our Telegram discussion group to ask any questions you have about Video2X,

 ## [🪟 Download Windows Releases](https://github.com/k4yt3x/video2x/releases/tag/4.8.1)

-The latest Windows update is built based on version 4.8.1. GUI is not available for 6.0.0 yet, but is already under development. Go to the [GUI](https://github.com/k4yt3x/video2x/wiki/GUI) page to see the basic usages of the GUI. Try the [mirror](https://files.k4yt3x.com/Projects/Video2X/latest) if you can't download releases directly from GitHub.
+The latest Windows release build based on version 4.8.1. Go to the [GUI](https://github.com/k4yt3x/video2x/wiki/GUI) page to see the basic usages of the GUI. Try the [mirror](https://files.k4yt3x.com/Projects/Video2X/latest) if you can't download releases directly from GitHub.

 ## [📔 Google Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1gWEwcA9y57EsxwOjmLNmNMXPsafw0kGo)

@@ -89,11 +98,11 @@ Copyright of this clip belongs to 株式会社アニプレックス.
 ## License

 This project is licensed under the [GNU Affero General Public License Version 3 (GNU AGPL v3)](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.txt)\
-Copyright (C) 2018-2024 K4YT3X and contributors.
+Copyright (C) 2018-2024 K4YT3X and [contributors](https://github.com/k4yt3x/video2x/graphs/contributors).

 ![AGPLv3](https://www.gnu.org/graphics/agplv3-155x51.png)

-This project includes or depends on these following projects:
+This project (`libvideo2x`) includes or depends on these following projects:

 | Project                                                                       | License         |
 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------- |
--- a/include/getopt.h
+++ b/include/getopt.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ struct option {
 #define required_argument 1
 #define optional_argument 2

-int getopt(int, char **, const char *);
+// int getopt(int, char **, const char *);
 int getopt_long(int, char **, const char *, const struct option *, int *);

 #ifdef __cplusplus
--- a/include/libvideo2x/conversions.h
+++ b/include/libvideo2x/conversions.h
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 #ifndef CONVERSIONS_H
 #define CONVERSIONS_H

+extern "C" {
 #include <libavutil/frame.h>
+#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
+}
+
 #include <mat.h>

 // Convert AVFrame to another pixel format
--- a/include/libvideo2x/decoder.h
+++ b/include/libvideo2x/decoder.h
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 #ifndef DECODER_H
 #define DECODER_H

+extern "C" {
 #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
-#include <libavfilter/avfilter.h>
 #include <libavformat/avformat.h>
+}

 int init_decoder(
-    const char *input_filename,
+    AVHWDeviceType hw_type,
+    AVBufferRef *hw_ctx,
+    const char *in_fname,
    AVFormatContext **fmt_ctx,
    AVCodecContext **dec_ctx,
-    int *video_stream_index
+    int *vstream_idx
 );

 #endif  // DECODER_H
--- a/include/libvideo2x/encoder.h
+++ b/include/libvideo2x/encoder.h
@@ -1,20 +1,32 @@
 #ifndef ENCODER_H
 #define ENCODER_H

+extern "C" {
 #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
 #include <libavformat/avformat.h>
+#include <libavutil/opt.h>
+}

 #include "libvideo2x.h"

 int init_encoder(
-    const char *output_filename,
+    AVBufferRef *hw_ctx,
+    const char *out_fname,
+    AVFormatContext *ifmt_ctx,
    AVFormatContext **ofmt_ctx,
    AVCodecContext **enc_ctx,
    AVCodecContext *dec_ctx,
-    EncoderConfig *encoder_config
+    EncoderConfig *encoder_config,
+    int vstream_idx,
+    int **stream_map
 );

-int encode_and_write_frame(AVFrame *frame, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx);
+int encode_and_write_frame(
+    AVFrame *frame,
+    AVCodecContext *enc_ctx,
+    AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx,
+    int vstream_idx
+);

 int flush_encoder(AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx);

--- a/include/libvideo2x/filter.h
+++ b/include/libvideo2x/filter.h
@@ -6,15 +6,16 @@
 extern "C" {
 #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
 #include <libavfilter/avfilter.h>
+#include <libavutil/buffer.h>
 }

 // Abstract base class for filters
 class Filter {
   public:
-    virtual ~Filter() {}
-    virtual int init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx) = 0;
-    virtual AVFrame *process_frame(AVFrame *input_frame) = 0;
-    virtual int flush(std::vector<AVFrame *> &processed_frames) = 0;
+    virtual ~Filter() = default;
+    virtual int init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVBufferRef *hw_ctx) = 0;
+    virtual int process_frame(AVFrame *in_frame, AVFrame **out_frame) = 0;
+    virtual int flush(std::vector<AVFrame *> &flushed_frames) { return 0; }
 };

 #endif  // FILTER_H
--- a/include/libvideo2x/fsutils.h
+++ b/include/libvideo2x/fsutils.h
--- a/include/libvideo2x/libplacebo.h
+++ b/include/libvideo2x/libplacebo.h
@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@

 #include <filesystem>

+extern "C" {
 #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
 #include <libavfilter/avfilter.h>
-#include <libavutil/buffer.h>
+}

 int init_libplacebo(
+    AVBufferRef *hw_ctx,
    AVFilterGraph **filter_graph,
    AVFilterContext **buffersrc_ctx,
    AVFilterContext **buffersink_ctx,
-    AVBufferRef **device_ctx,
    AVCodecContext *dec_ctx,
-    int output_width,
-    int output_height,
+    int out_width,
+    int out_height,
    const std::filesystem::path &shader_path
 );

--- a/include/libvideo2x/libplacebo_filter.h
+++ b/include/libvideo2x/libplacebo_filter.h
@@ -3,7 +3,11 @@

 #include <filesystem>

-#include <libavutil/buffer.h>
+extern "C" {
+#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
+#include <libavfilter/buffersink.h>
+#include <libavfilter/buffersrc.h>
+}

 #include "filter.h"

@@ -13,27 +17,27 @@ class LibplaceboFilter : public Filter {
    AVFilterGraph *filter_graph;
    AVFilterContext *buffersrc_ctx;
    AVFilterContext *buffersink_ctx;
-    AVBufferRef *device_ctx;
-    int output_width;
-    int output_height;
+    int out_width;
+    int out_height;
    const std::filesystem::path shader_path;
-    AVRational output_time_base;
+    AVRational in_time_base;
+    AVRational out_time_base;

   public:
    // Constructor
    LibplaceboFilter(int width, int height, const std::filesystem::path &shader_path);

    // Destructor
-    virtual ~LibplaceboFilter();
+    virtual ~LibplaceboFilter() override;

    // Initializes the filter with decoder and encoder contexts
-    int init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx) override;
+    int init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVBufferRef *hw_ctx) override;

    // Processes an input frame and returns the processed frame
-    AVFrame *process_frame(AVFrame *input_frame) override;
+    int process_frame(AVFrame *in_frame, AVFrame **out_frame) override;

    // Flushes any remaining frames
-    int flush(std::vector<AVFrame *> &processed_frames) override;
+    int flush(std::vector<AVFrame *> &flushed_frames) override;
 };

 #endif  // LIBPLACEBO_FILTER_H
--- a/include/libvideo2x/libvideo2x.h
+++ b/include/libvideo2x/libvideo2x.h
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 #ifndef LIBVIDEO2X_H
 #define LIBVIDEO2X_H

-#include <libavutil/pixfmt.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <time.h>

-#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
-#include <libavcodec/codec_id.h>
-
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #ifdef LIBVIDEO2X_EXPORTS
 #define LIBVIDEO2X_API __declspec(dllexport)
@@ -22,23 +19,37 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif

+#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
+#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
+
 // Enum to specify filter type
 enum FilterType {
    FILTER_LIBPLACEBO,
    FILTER_REALESRGAN
 };

+// Enum to specify log level
+enum Libvideo2xLogLevel {
+    LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_TRACE,
+    LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
+    LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_INFO,
+    LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING,
+    LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
+    LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL,
+    LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_OFF
+};
+
 // Configuration for Libplacebo filter
 struct LibplaceboConfig {
-    int output_width;
-    int output_height;
+    int out_width;
+    int out_height;
    const char *shader_path;
 };

 // Configuration for RealESRGAN filter
 struct RealESRGANConfig {
    int gpuid;
-    int tta_mode;
+    bool tta_mode;
    int scaling_factor;
    const char *model;
 };
@@ -54,8 +65,9 @@ struct FilterConfig {

 // Encoder configuration
 struct EncoderConfig {
-    int output_width;
-    int output_height;
+    int out_width;
+    int out_height;
+    bool copy_streams;
    enum AVCodecID codec;
    enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt;
    const char *preset;
@@ -63,20 +75,26 @@ struct EncoderConfig {
    float crf;
 };

-// Processing status
-struct ProcessingStatus {
+// Video processing context
+struct VideoProcessingContext {
    int64_t processed_frames;
    int64_t total_frames;
    time_t start_time;
+    bool pause;
+    bool abort;
+    bool completed;
 };

 // C-compatible process_video function
 LIBVIDEO2X_API int process_video(
-    const char *input_filename,
-    const char *output_filename,
+    const char *in_fname,
+    const char *out_fname,
+    enum Libvideo2xLogLevel log_level,
+    bool benchmark,
+    enum AVHWDeviceType hw_device_type,
    const struct FilterConfig *filter_config,
    struct EncoderConfig *encoder_config,
-    struct ProcessingStatus *status
+    struct VideoProcessingContext *proc_ctx
 );

 #ifdef __cplusplus
--- a/include/libvideo2x/realesrgan_filter.h
+++ b/include/libvideo2x/realesrgan_filter.h
@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@

 #include <filesystem>

+extern "C" {
+#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
+}
+
 #include "filter.h"
 #include "realesrgan.h"

@@ -16,9 +20,9 @@ class RealesrganFilter : public Filter {
    const char *model;
    const std::filesystem::path custom_model_param_path;
    const std::filesystem::path custom_model_bin_path;
-    AVRational input_time_base;
-    AVRational output_time_base;
-    AVPixelFormat output_pix_fmt;
+    AVRational in_time_base;
+    AVRational out_time_base;
+    AVPixelFormat out_pix_fmt;

   public:
    // Constructor
@@ -27,21 +31,18 @@ class RealesrganFilter : public Filter {
        bool tta_mode = false,
        int scaling_factor = 4,
        const char *model = "realesr-animevideov3",
-        const std::filesystem::path custom_model_bin_pathmodel_param_path = std::filesystem::path(),
-        const std::filesystem::path custom_model_bin_pathmodel_bin_path = std::filesystem::path()
+        const std::filesystem::path custom_model_param_path = std::filesystem::path(),
+        const std::filesystem::path custom_model_bin_path = std::filesystem::path()
    );

    // Destructor
-    virtual ~RealesrganFilter();
+    virtual ~RealesrganFilter() override;

    // Initializes the filter with decoder and encoder contexts
-    int init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx) override;
+    int init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVBufferRef *hw_ctx) override;

    // Processes an input frame and returns the processed frame
-    AVFrame *process_frame(AVFrame *input_frame) override;
-
-    // Flushes any remaining frames (if necessary)
-    int flush(std::vector<AVFrame *> &processed_frames) override;
+    int process_frame(AVFrame *in_frame, AVFrame **out_frame) override;
 };

 #endif
--- a/include/libvideo2x/version.h.in
+++ b/include/libvideo2x/version.h.in
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef VERSION_H
+#define VERSION_H
+
+#define LIBVIDEO2X_VERSION_STRING "@PROJECT_VERSION@"
+
+#endif  // VERSION_H
--- a/models/libplacebo/anime4k-a+a.glsl
+++ b/models/libplacebo/anime4k-a+a.glsl
--- a/models/libplacebo/anime4k-a.glsl
+++ b/models/libplacebo/anime4k-a.glsl
--- a/models/libplacebo/anime4k-b+b.glsl
+++ b/models/libplacebo/anime4k-b+b.glsl
--- a/models/libplacebo/anime4k-b.glsl
+++ b/models/libplacebo/anime4k-b.glsl
--- a/models/libplacebo/anime4k-c+a.glsl
+++ b/models/libplacebo/anime4k-c+a.glsl
--- a/models/libplacebo/anime4k-c.glsl
+++ b/models/libplacebo/anime4k-c.glsl
--- a/models/realesrgan/realesr-animevideov3-x2.bin
+++ b/models/realesrgan/realesr-animevideov3-x2.bin
--- a/models/realesrgan/realesr-animevideov3-x2.param
+++ b/models/realesrgan/realesr-animevideov3-x2.param
--- a/models/realesrgan/realesr-animevideov3-x3.bin
+++ b/models/realesrgan/realesr-animevideov3-x3.bin
--- a/models/realesrgan/realesr-animevideov3-x3.param
+++ b/models/realesrgan/realesr-animevideov3-x3.param
--- a/models/realesrgan/realesr-animevideov3-x4.bin
+++ b/models/realesrgan/realesr-animevideov3-x4.bin
--- a/models/realesrgan/realesr-animevideov3-x4.param
+++ b/models/realesrgan/realesr-animevideov3-x4.param
--- a/models/realesrgan/realesrgan-plus-anime-x4.bin
+++ b/models/realesrgan/realesrgan-plus-anime-x4.bin
--- a/models/realesrgan/realesrgan-plus-anime-x4.param
+++ b/models/realesrgan/realesrgan-plus-anime-x4.param
--- a/models/realesrgan/realesrgan-plus-x4.bin
+++ b/models/realesrgan/realesrgan-plus-x4.bin
--- a/models/realesrgan/realesrgan-plus-x4.param
+++ b/models/realesrgan/realesrgan-plus-x4.param
--- a/scripts/download_anime4k_glsl.py
+++ b/scripts/download_anime4k_glsl.py
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-import shutil
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import requests
-
-ANIME4K_COMMIT = "master"
-GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT = (
-    f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bloc97/Anime4K/{ANIME4K_COMMIT}/glsl"
-)
-SHADERS_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "data"
-
-
-def download_and_combine_files():
-
-    modes = {
-        "ModeA": [
-            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Clamp_Highlights.glsl",
-            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Restore_CNN_VL.glsl",
-            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_Upscale_CNN_x2_VL.glsl",
-            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x2.glsl",
-            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x4.glsl",
-            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_Upscale_CNN_x2_M.glsl",
-        ]
-    }
-
-    for mode in modes:
-        file_contents = ""
-        for file in modes[mode]:
-            response = requests.get(file, timeout=5)
-            response.raise_for_status()
-            file_contents += response.text + "\n"
-
-        with (SHADERS_DIR / Path(f"Anime4K_{mode}.glsl")).open("w") as output_file:
-            output_file.write(file_contents)
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    # clear shaders directory
-    if SHADERS_DIR.exists():
-        shutil.rmtree(SHADERS_DIR)
-    SHADERS_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-
-    # download and combine shaders
-    download_and_combine_files()
--- a/scripts/download_merge_anime4k_glsl.py
+++ b/scripts/download_merge_anime4k_glsl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import requests
+
+ANIME4K_COMMIT = "master"
+GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT = (
+    f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bloc97/Anime4K/{ANIME4K_COMMIT}/glsl"
+)
+SHADERS_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "models" / "libplacebo"
+
+
+def download_and_combine_files():
+    modes = {
+        "a": [
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Clamp_Highlights.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Restore_CNN_VL.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_Upscale_CNN_x2_VL.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x2.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x4.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_Upscale_CNN_x2_M.glsl",
+        ],
+        "b": [
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Clamp_Highlights.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Restore_CNN_Soft_VL.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_Upscale_CNN_x2_VL.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x2.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x4.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_Upscale_CNN_x2_M.glsl",
+        ],
+        "c": [
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Clamp_Highlights.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale+Denoise/Anime4K_Upscale_Denoise_CNN_x2_VL.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x2.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x4.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_Upscale_CNN_x2_M.glsl",
+        ],
+        "a+a": [
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Clamp_Highlights.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Restore_CNN_VL.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_Upscale_CNN_x2_VL.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Restore_CNN_M.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x2.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x4.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_Upscale_CNN_x2_M.glsl",
+        ],
+        "b+b": [
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Clamp_Highlights.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Restore_CNN_Soft_VL.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_Upscale_CNN_x2_VL.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x2.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x4.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Restore_CNN_Soft_M.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_Upscale_CNN_x2_M.glsl",
+        ],
+        "c+a": [
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Clamp_Highlights.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale+Denoise/Anime4K_Upscale_Denoise_CNN_x2_VL.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x2.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_AutoDownscalePre_x4.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Restore/Anime4K_Restore_CNN_M.glsl",
+            f"{GITHUB_GLSL_ROOT}/Upscale/Anime4K_Upscale_CNN_x2_M.glsl",
+        ],
+    }
+
+    for mode in modes:
+        file_contents = ""
+        for file in modes[mode]:
+            response = requests.get(file, timeout=5)
+            response.raise_for_status()
+            file_contents += response.text + "\n"
+
+        with (SHADERS_DIR / Path(f"anime4k-{mode}.glsl")).open("w") as output_file:
+            output_file.write(file_contents)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # clear shaders directory
+    if SHADERS_DIR.exists():
+        shutil.rmtree(SHADERS_DIR)
+    SHADERS_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+
+    # download and combine shaders
+    download_and_combine_files()
--- a/src/conversions.cpp
+++ b/src/conversions.cpp
@@ -1,22 +1,15 @@
+#include "conversions.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdio>

-// FFmpeg includes
-extern "C" {
-#include <libavutil/frame.h>
-#include <libavutil/imgutils.h>
-#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
-}
-
-// ncnn includes
-#include <mat.h>
-
-#include "conversions.h"
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>

 // Convert AVFrame format
 AVFrame *convert_avframe_pix_fmt(AVFrame *src_frame, AVPixelFormat pix_fmt) {
    AVFrame *dst_frame = av_frame_alloc();
    if (dst_frame == nullptr) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate destination AVFrame.\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to allocate destination AVFrame.");
        return nullptr;
    }

@@ -26,7 +19,7 @@ AVFrame *convert_avframe_pix_fmt(AVFrame *src_frame, AVPixelFormat pix_fmt) {

    // Allocate memory for the converted frame
    if (av_frame_get_buffer(dst_frame, 32) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory for AVFrame.\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to allocate memory for AVFrame.");
        av_frame_free(&dst_frame);
        return nullptr;
    }
@@ -46,7 +39,7 @@ AVFrame *convert_avframe_pix_fmt(AVFrame *src_frame, AVPixelFormat pix_fmt) {
    );

    if (sws_ctx == nullptr) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize swscale context.\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to initialize swscale context.");
        av_frame_free(&dst_frame);
        return nullptr;
    }
@@ -76,24 +69,27 @@ ncnn::Mat avframe_to_ncnn_mat(AVFrame *frame) {
    if (frame->format != AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24) {
        converted_frame = convert_avframe_pix_fmt(frame, AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24);
        if (!converted_frame) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to convert AVFrame to BGR24.\n");
-            return ncnn::Mat();  // Return an empty ncnn::Mat on failure
+            spdlog::error("Failed to convert AVFrame to BGR24.");
+            return ncnn::Mat();
        }
    } else {
-        converted_frame = frame;  // If the frame is already in BGR24, use it directly
+        // If the frame is already in BGR24, use it directly
+        converted_frame = frame;
    }

    // Allocate a new ncnn::Mat and copy the data
    int width = converted_frame->width;
    int height = converted_frame->height;
-    ncnn::Mat ncnn_image = ncnn::Mat(width, height, (size_t)3, 3);  // BGR has 3 channels
+    ncnn::Mat ncnn_image = ncnn::Mat(width, height, static_cast<size_t>(3), 3);

    // Manually copy the pixel data from AVFrame to the new ncnn::Mat
    const uint8_t *src_data = converted_frame->data[0];
    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
        uint8_t *dst_row = ncnn_image.row<uint8_t>(y);
        const uint8_t *src_row = src_data + y * converted_frame->linesize[0];
-        memcpy(dst_row, src_row, width * 3);  // Copy 3 channels (BGR) per pixel
+
+        // Copy 3 channels (BGR) per pixel
+        memcpy(dst_row, src_row, static_cast<size_t>(width) * 3);
    }

    // If we allocated a converted frame, free it
@@ -111,7 +107,7 @@ AVFrame *ncnn_mat_to_avframe(const ncnn::Mat &mat, AVPixelFormat pix_fmt) {
    // Step 1: Allocate a destination AVFrame for the specified pixel format
    AVFrame *dst_frame = av_frame_alloc();
    if (!dst_frame) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate destination AVFrame.\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to allocate destination AVFrame.");
        return nullptr;
    }

@@ -121,7 +117,7 @@ AVFrame *ncnn_mat_to_avframe(const ncnn::Mat &mat, AVPixelFormat pix_fmt) {

    // Allocate memory for the frame buffer
    if (av_frame_get_buffer(dst_frame, 32) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory for destination AVFrame.\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to allocate memory for destination AVFrame.");
        av_frame_free(&dst_frame);
        return nullptr;
    }
@@ -129,7 +125,7 @@ AVFrame *ncnn_mat_to_avframe(const ncnn::Mat &mat, AVPixelFormat pix_fmt) {
    // Step 2: Convert ncnn::Mat to BGR AVFrame
    AVFrame *bgr_frame = av_frame_alloc();
    if (!bgr_frame) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate intermediate BGR AVFrame.\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to allocate intermediate BGR AVFrame.");
        av_frame_free(&dst_frame);
        return nullptr;
    }
@@ -140,20 +136,19 @@ AVFrame *ncnn_mat_to_avframe(const ncnn::Mat &mat, AVPixelFormat pix_fmt) {

    // Allocate memory for the intermediate BGR frame
    if (av_frame_get_buffer(bgr_frame, 32) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory for BGR AVFrame.\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to allocate memory for BGR AVFrame.");
        av_frame_free(&dst_frame);
        av_frame_free(&bgr_frame);
        return nullptr;
    }

-    // Copy data from ncnn::Mat to the BGR AVFrame
-    // mat.to_pixels(bgr_frame->data[0], ncnn::Mat::PIXEL_BGR);
-
-    // Manually copy the pixel data from ncnn::Mat to the BGR AVFrame
+    // Copy the pixel data from ncnn::Mat to the BGR AVFrame
    for (int y = 0; y < mat.h; y++) {
        uint8_t *dst_row = bgr_frame->data[0] + y * bgr_frame->linesize[0];
        const uint8_t *src_row = mat.row<const uint8_t>(y);
-        memcpy(dst_row, src_row, mat.w * 3);  // Copy 3 channels (BGR) per pixel
+
+        // Copy 3 channels (BGR) per pixel
+        memcpy(dst_row, src_row, static_cast<size_t>(mat.w) * 3);
    }

    // Step 3: Convert the BGR frame to the desired pixel format
@@ -171,7 +166,7 @@ AVFrame *ncnn_mat_to_avframe(const ncnn::Mat &mat, AVPixelFormat pix_fmt) {
    );

    if (sws_ctx == nullptr) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize swscale context.\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to initialize swscale context.");
        av_frame_free(&bgr_frame);
        av_frame_free(&dst_frame);
        return nullptr;
@@ -193,7 +188,7 @@ AVFrame *ncnn_mat_to_avframe(const ncnn::Mat &mat, AVPixelFormat pix_fmt) {
    av_frame_free(&bgr_frame);

    if (ret != dst_frame->height) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to convert BGR AVFrame to destination pixel format.\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to convert BGR AVFrame to destination pixel format.");
        av_frame_free(&dst_frame);
        return nullptr;
    }
--- a/src/decoder.cpp
+++ b/src/decoder.cpp
@@ -1,42 +1,50 @@
+#include "decoder.h"
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>

-extern "C" {
-#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
-#include <libavfilter/avfilter.h>
-#include <libavfilter/buffersink.h>
-#include <libavfilter/buffersrc.h>
-#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
-#include <libavutil/opt.h>
-#include <libavutil/pixdesc.h>
-#include <libavutil/rational.h>
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+static enum AVPixelFormat hw_pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_NONE;
+
+// Callback function to choose the hardware-accelerated pixel format
+static enum AVPixelFormat get_hw_format(AVCodecContext *_, const enum AVPixelFormat *pix_fmts) {
+    for (const enum AVPixelFormat *p = pix_fmts; *p != AV_PIX_FMT_NONE; p++) {
+        if (*p == hw_pix_fmt) {
+            return *p;
+        }
+    }
+    spdlog::error("Failed to get HW surface format.");
+    return AV_PIX_FMT_NONE;
 }

 int init_decoder(
-    const char *input_filename,
+    AVHWDeviceType hw_type,
+    AVBufferRef *hw_ctx,
+    const char *in_fname,
    AVFormatContext **fmt_ctx,
    AVCodecContext **dec_ctx,
-    int *video_stream_index
+    int *vstream_idx
 ) {
    AVFormatContext *ifmt_ctx = NULL;
    AVCodecContext *codec_ctx = NULL;
    int ret;

-    if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&ifmt_ctx, input_filename, NULL, NULL)) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open input file '%s'\n", input_filename);
+    if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&ifmt_ctx, in_fname, NULL, NULL)) < 0) {
+        spdlog::error("Could not open input file '{}'", in_fname);
        return ret;
    }

    if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(ifmt_ctx, NULL)) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to retrieve input stream information\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to retrieve input stream information");
        return ret;
    }

    // Find the first video stream
    ret = av_find_best_stream(ifmt_ctx, AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, -1, -1, NULL, 0);
    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not find video stream in the input, aborting\n");
+        spdlog::error("Could not find video stream in the input file");
        return ret;
    }

@@ -44,20 +52,49 @@ int init_decoder(
    AVStream *video_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[stream_index];

    // Set up the decoder
-    const AVCodec *dec = avcodec_find_decoder(video_stream->codecpar->codec_id);
-    if (!dec) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to find decoder for stream #%u\n", stream_index);
+    const AVCodec *decoder = avcodec_find_decoder(video_stream->codecpar->codec_id);
+    if (!decoder) {
+        spdlog::error(
+            "Failed to find decoder for codec ID {}",
+            static_cast<int>(video_stream->codecpar->codec_id)
+        );
        return AVERROR_DECODER_NOT_FOUND;
    }

-    codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(dec);
+    codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(decoder);
    if (!codec_ctx) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate the decoder context\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to allocate the decoder context");
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }

+    // Set hardware device context
+    if (hw_ctx != nullptr) {
+        codec_ctx->hw_device_ctx = av_buffer_ref(hw_ctx);
+        codec_ctx->get_format = get_hw_format;
+
+        // Automatically determine the hardware pixel format
+        for (int i = 0;; i++) {
+            const AVCodecHWConfig *config = avcodec_get_hw_config(decoder, i);
+            if (config == nullptr) {
+                spdlog::error(
+                    "Decoder {} does not support device type {}.",
+                    decoder->name,
+                    av_hwdevice_get_type_name(hw_type)
+                );
+                avcodec_free_context(&codec_ctx);
+                avformat_close_input(&ifmt_ctx);
+                return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
+            }
+            if (config->methods & AV_CODEC_HW_CONFIG_METHOD_HW_DEVICE_CTX &&
+                config->device_type == hw_type) {
+                hw_pix_fmt = config->pix_fmt;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
    if ((ret = avcodec_parameters_to_context(codec_ctx, video_stream->codecpar)) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to copy decoder parameters to input decoder context\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to copy decoder parameters to input decoder context");
        return ret;
    }

@@ -66,14 +103,14 @@ int init_decoder(
    codec_ctx->pkt_timebase = video_stream->time_base;
    codec_ctx->framerate = av_guess_frame_rate(ifmt_ctx, video_stream, NULL);

-    if ((ret = avcodec_open2(codec_ctx, dec, NULL)) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open decoder for stream #%u\n", stream_index);
+    if ((ret = avcodec_open2(codec_ctx, decoder, NULL)) < 0) {
+        spdlog::error("Failed to open decoder for stream #{}", stream_index);
        return ret;
    }

    *fmt_ctx = ifmt_ctx;
    *dec_ctx = codec_ctx;
-    *video_stream_index = stream_index;
+    *vstream_idx = stream_index;

    return 0;
 }
--- a/src/encoder.cpp
+++ b/src/encoder.cpp
@@ -1,105 +1,173 @@
+#include "encoder.h"
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>

-extern "C" {
-#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
-#include <libavcodec/codec.h>
-#include <libavcodec/codec_id.h>
-#include <libavfilter/avfilter.h>
-#include <libavfilter/buffersink.h>
-#include <libavfilter/buffersrc.h>
-#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
-#include <libavutil/opt.h>
-#include <libavutil/pixdesc.h>
-#include <libavutil/rational.h>
-}
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>

 #include "conversions.h"
-#include "libvideo2x.h"
+
+static enum AVPixelFormat get_encoder_default_pix_fmt(const AVCodec *encoder) {
+    const enum AVPixelFormat *p = encoder->pix_fmts;
+    if (!p) {
+        spdlog::error("No pixel formats supported by encoder");
+        return AV_PIX_FMT_NONE;
+    }
+    return *p;
+}

 int init_encoder(
-    const char *output_filename,
+    AVBufferRef *hw_ctx,
+    const char *out_fname,
+    AVFormatContext *ifmt_ctx,
    AVFormatContext **ofmt_ctx,
    AVCodecContext **enc_ctx,
    AVCodecContext *dec_ctx,
-    EncoderConfig *encoder_config
+    EncoderConfig *encoder_config,
+    int vstream_idx,
+    int **stream_map
 ) {
    AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx = NULL;
    AVCodecContext *codec_ctx = NULL;
+    int stream_index = 0;
    int ret;

-    avformat_alloc_output_context2(&fmt_ctx, NULL, NULL, output_filename);
+    avformat_alloc_output_context2(&fmt_ctx, NULL, NULL, out_fname);
    if (!fmt_ctx) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not create output context\n");
+        spdlog::error("Could not create output context");
        return AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
    }

-    // Create a new video stream
-    const AVCodec *enc = avcodec_find_encoder(encoder_config->codec);
-    if (!enc) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Necessary encoder not found\n");
+    const AVCodec *encoder = avcodec_find_encoder(encoder_config->codec);
+    if (!encoder) {
+        spdlog::error(
+            "Required video encoder not found for vcodec {}",
+            avcodec_get_name(encoder_config->codec)
+        );
        return AVERROR_ENCODER_NOT_FOUND;
    }

+    // Create a new video stream in the output file
    AVStream *out_stream = avformat_new_stream(fmt_ctx, NULL);
    if (!out_stream) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed allocating output stream\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to allocate the output video stream");
        return AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
    }

-    codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(enc);
+    codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(encoder);
    if (!codec_ctx) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate the encoder context\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to allocate the encoder context");
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }

+    // Set hardware device context
+    if (hw_ctx != nullptr) {
+        codec_ctx->hw_device_ctx = av_buffer_ref(hw_ctx);
+    }
+
    // Set encoding parameters
-    codec_ctx->height = encoder_config->output_height;
-    codec_ctx->width = encoder_config->output_width;
+    codec_ctx->height = encoder_config->out_height;
+    codec_ctx->width = encoder_config->out_width;
    codec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio = dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio;
-    codec_ctx->pix_fmt = encoder_config->pix_fmt;
-    codec_ctx->time_base = av_inv_q(dec_ctx->framerate);
-
-    if (codec_ctx->time_base.num == 0 || codec_ctx->time_base.den == 0) {
-        codec_ctx->time_base = av_inv_q(av_guess_frame_rate(fmt_ctx, out_stream, NULL));
-    }
-
-    // Set the bit rate and other encoder parameters if needed
    codec_ctx->bit_rate = encoder_config->bit_rate;
-    codec_ctx->gop_size = 60;     // Keyframe interval
-    codec_ctx->max_b_frames = 3;  // B-frames
-    codec_ctx->keyint_min = 60;   // Maximum GOP size

-    char crf_str[16];
-    snprintf(crf_str, sizeof(crf_str), "%.f", encoder_config->crf);
-    if (encoder_config->codec == AV_CODEC_ID_H264 || encoder_config->codec == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC) {
-        av_opt_set(codec_ctx->priv_data, "crf", crf_str, 0);
-        av_opt_set(codec_ctx->priv_data, "preset", encoder_config->preset, 0);
+    // Set the pixel format
+    if (encoder_config->pix_fmt != AV_PIX_FMT_NONE) {
+        // Use the specified pixel format
+        codec_ctx->pix_fmt = encoder_config->pix_fmt;
+    } else {
+        // Fall back to the default pixel format
+        codec_ctx->pix_fmt = get_encoder_default_pix_fmt(encoder);
+        if (codec_ctx->pix_fmt == AV_PIX_FMT_NONE) {
+            spdlog::error("Could not get the default pixel format for the encoder");
+            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+        }
    }

+    // Set the time base
+    codec_ctx->time_base = av_inv_q(dec_ctx->framerate);
+    if (codec_ctx->time_base.num == 0 || codec_ctx->time_base.den == 0) {
+        codec_ctx->time_base = av_inv_q(av_guess_frame_rate(ifmt_ctx, out_stream, NULL));
+    }
+
+    // Set the CRF and preset for any codecs that support it
+    char crf_str[16];
+    snprintf(crf_str, sizeof(crf_str), "%.f", static_cast<double>(encoder_config->crf));
+    av_opt_set(codec_ctx->priv_data, "crf", crf_str, 0);
+    av_opt_set(codec_ctx->priv_data, "preset", encoder_config->preset, 0);
+
    if (fmt_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) {
        codec_ctx->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
    }

-    if ((ret = avcodec_open2(codec_ctx, enc, NULL)) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open video encoder\n");
+    if ((ret = avcodec_open2(codec_ctx, encoder, NULL)) < 0) {
+        spdlog::error("Cannot open video encoder");
        return ret;
    }

    ret = avcodec_parameters_from_context(out_stream->codecpar, codec_ctx);
    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to copy encoder parameters to output stream\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to copy encoder parameters to output video stream");
        return ret;
    }

    out_stream->time_base = codec_ctx->time_base;

+    if (encoder_config->copy_streams) {
+        // Allocate the stream map
+        *stream_map =
+            reinterpret_cast<int *>(av_malloc_array(ifmt_ctx->nb_streams, sizeof(**stream_map)));
+        if (!*stream_map) {
+            spdlog::error("Could not allocate stream mapping");
+            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+        }
+
+        // Map the video stream
+        (*stream_map)[vstream_idx] = stream_index++;
+
+        // Loop through each stream in the input file
+        for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(ifmt_ctx->nb_streams); i++) {
+            AVStream *in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[i];
+            AVCodecParameters *in_codecpar = in_stream->codecpar;
+
+            if (i == vstream_idx) {
+                // Video stream is already handled
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (in_codecpar->codec_type != AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO &&
+                in_codecpar->codec_type != AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE) {
+                (*stream_map)[i] = -1;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Create corresponding output stream
+            AVStream *out_copied_stream = avformat_new_stream(fmt_ctx, NULL);
+            if (!out_copied_stream) {
+                spdlog::error("Failed allocating output stream");
+                return AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+            }
+
+            ret = avcodec_parameters_copy(out_copied_stream->codecpar, in_codecpar);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                spdlog::error("Failed to copy codec parameters");
+                return ret;
+            }
+            out_copied_stream->codecpar->codec_tag = 0;
+
+            // Copy time base
+            out_copied_stream->time_base = in_stream->time_base;
+
+            (*stream_map)[i] = stream_index++;
+        }
+    }
+
    // Open the output file
    if (!(fmt_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
-        ret = avio_open(&fmt_ctx->pb, output_filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
+        ret = avio_open(&fmt_ctx->pb, out_fname, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
        if (ret < 0) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Could not open output file '%s'\n", output_filename);
+            spdlog::error("Could not open output file '{}'", out_fname);
            return ret;
        }
    }
@@ -110,30 +178,40 @@ int init_encoder(
    return 0;
 }

-int encode_and_write_frame(AVFrame *frame, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx) {
+int encode_and_write_frame(
+    AVFrame *frame,
+    AVCodecContext *enc_ctx,
+    AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx,
+    int vstream_idx
+) {
+    AVFrame *converted_frame = nullptr;
    int ret;

    // Convert the frame to the encoder's pixel format if needed
    if (frame->format != enc_ctx->pix_fmt) {
-        AVFrame *converted_frame = convert_avframe_pix_fmt(frame, enc_ctx->pix_fmt);
+        converted_frame = convert_avframe_pix_fmt(frame, enc_ctx->pix_fmt);
        if (!converted_frame) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Error converting frame to encoder's pixel format\n");
+            spdlog::error("Error converting frame to encoder's pixel format");
            return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
        }

        converted_frame->pts = frame->pts;
-        frame = converted_frame;
    }

    AVPacket *enc_pkt = av_packet_alloc();
    if (!enc_pkt) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate AVPacket\n");
+        spdlog::error("Could not allocate AVPacket");
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }

-    ret = avcodec_send_frame(enc_ctx, frame);
+    if (converted_frame != nullptr) {
+        ret = avcodec_send_frame(enc_ctx, converted_frame);
+        av_frame_free(&converted_frame);
+    } else {
+        ret = avcodec_send_frame(enc_ctx, frame);
+    }
    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error sending frame to encoder\n");
+        spdlog::error("Error sending frame to encoder");
        av_packet_free(&enc_pkt);
        return ret;
    }
@@ -144,20 +222,22 @@ int encode_and_write_frame(AVFrame *frame, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVFormatCont
            av_packet_unref(enc_pkt);
            break;
        } else if (ret < 0) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Error during encoding\n");
+            spdlog::error("Error encoding frame");
            av_packet_free(&enc_pkt);
            return ret;
        }

        // Rescale packet timestamps
-        av_packet_rescale_ts(enc_pkt, enc_ctx->time_base, ofmt_ctx->streams[0]->time_base);
-        enc_pkt->stream_index = ofmt_ctx->streams[0]->index;
+        av_packet_rescale_ts(
+            enc_pkt, enc_ctx->time_base, ofmt_ctx->streams[vstream_idx]->time_base
+        );
+        enc_pkt->stream_index = vstream_idx;

        // Write the packet
        ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, enc_pkt);
        av_packet_unref(enc_pkt);
        if (ret < 0) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Error muxing packet\n");
+            spdlog::error("Error muxing packet");
            av_packet_free(&enc_pkt);
            return ret;
        }
@@ -171,7 +251,7 @@ int flush_encoder(AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx) {
    int ret;
    AVPacket *enc_pkt = av_packet_alloc();
    if (!enc_pkt) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate AVPacket\n");
+        spdlog::error("Could not allocate AVPacket");
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }

@@ -182,7 +262,7 @@ int flush_encoder(AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx) {
            av_packet_unref(enc_pkt);
            break;
        } else if (ret < 0) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Error during encoding\n");
+            spdlog::error("Error encoding frame");
            av_packet_free(&enc_pkt);
            return ret;
        }
@@ -195,7 +275,7 @@ int flush_encoder(AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx) {
        ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, enc_pkt);
        av_packet_unref(enc_pkt);
        if (ret < 0) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Error muxing packet\n");
+            spdlog::error("Error muxing packet");
            av_packet_free(&enc_pkt);
            return ret;
        }
--- a/src/fsutils.cpp
+++ b/src/fsutils.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include <filesystem>
+#include "fsutils.h"

 #if _WIN32
 #include <windows.h>
@@ -8,16 +8,16 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #endif

-#include "fsutils.h"
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>

 #if _WIN32
-std::filesystem::path get_executable_directory() {
+static std::filesystem::path get_executable_directory() {
    std::vector<wchar_t> filepath(MAX_PATH);

    // Get the executable path, expanding the buffer if necessary
    DWORD size = GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, filepath.data(), static_cast<DWORD>(filepath.size()));
    if (size == 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error getting executable path: %lu\n", GetLastError());
+        spdlog::error("Error getting executable path: {}", GetLastError());
        return std::filesystem::path();
    }

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ std::filesystem::path get_executable_directory() {
        filepath.resize(filepath.size() * 2);
        size = GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, filepath.data(), static_cast<DWORD>(filepath.size()));
        if (size == 0) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Error getting executable path: %lu\n", GetLastError());
+            spdlog::error("Error getting executable path: {}", GetLastError());
            return std::filesystem::path();
        }
    }
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ std::filesystem::path get_executable_directory() {
    return execpath.parent_path();
 }
 #else   // _WIN32
-std::filesystem::path get_executable_directory() {
+static std::filesystem::path get_executable_directory() {
    std::error_code ec;
    std::filesystem::path filepath = std::filesystem::read_symlink("/proc/self/exe", ec);

    if (ec) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error reading /proc/self/exe: %s\n", ec.message().c_str());
+        spdlog::error("Error reading /proc/self/exe: {}", ec.message());
        return std::filesystem::path();
    }

--- a/src/libplacebo.cpp
+++ b/src/libplacebo.cpp
@@ -1,47 +1,28 @@
+#include "libplacebo.h"
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <filesystem>

-extern "C" {
-#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
-#include <libavfilter/avfilter.h>
-#include <libavfilter/buffersink.h>
-#include <libavfilter/buffersrc.h>
-#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
-#include <libavutil/buffer.h>
-#include <libavutil/hwcontext.h>
-#include <libavutil/opt.h>
-#include <libavutil/pixdesc.h>
-#include <libavutil/rational.h>
-#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
-}
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>

 #include "fsutils.h"

 int init_libplacebo(
+    AVBufferRef *hw_ctx,
    AVFilterGraph **filter_graph,
    AVFilterContext **buffersrc_ctx,
    AVFilterContext **buffersink_ctx,
-    AVBufferRef **device_ctx,
    AVCodecContext *dec_ctx,
-    int output_width,
-    int output_height,
+    int out_width,
+    int out_height,
    const std::filesystem::path &shader_path
 ) {
    char args[512];
    int ret;

-    // Initialize the Vulkan hardware device
-    AVBufferRef *hw_device_ctx = av_hwdevice_ctx_alloc(AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_VULKAN);
-    ret = av_hwdevice_ctx_create(&hw_device_ctx, AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_VULKAN, NULL, NULL, 0);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to initialize Vulkan device\n");
-        return ret;
-    }
-
    AVFilterGraph *graph = avfilter_graph_alloc();
    if (!graph) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to create filter graph.\n");
+        spdlog::error("Unable to create filter graph.");
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }

@@ -51,7 +32,7 @@ int init_libplacebo(
        args,
        sizeof(args),
        "video_size=%dx%d:pix_fmt=%d:time_base=%d/%d:frame_rate=%d/%d:"
-        "pixel_aspect=%d/%d:colorspace=%d",
+        "pixel_aspect=%d/%d:colorspace=%d:range=%d",
        dec_ctx->width,
        dec_ctx->height,
        dec_ctx->pix_fmt,
@@ -61,13 +42,13 @@ int init_libplacebo(
        dec_ctx->framerate.den,
        dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio.num,
        dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio.den,
-        dec_ctx->colorspace
+        dec_ctx->colorspace,
+        dec_ctx->color_range
    );

    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(buffersrc_ctx, buffersrc, "in", args, NULL, graph);
    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create buffer source\n");
-        av_buffer_unref(&hw_device_ctx);
+        spdlog::error("Cannot create buffer source.");
        avfilter_graph_free(&graph);
        return ret;
    }
@@ -77,8 +58,7 @@ int init_libplacebo(
    // Create the libplacebo filter
    const AVFilter *libplacebo_filter = avfilter_get_by_name("libplacebo");
    if (!libplacebo_filter) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Filter 'libplacebo' not found\n");
-        av_buffer_unref(&hw_device_ctx);
+        spdlog::error("Filter 'libplacebo' not found.");
        avfilter_graph_free(&graph);
        return AVERROR_FILTER_NOT_FOUND;
    }
@@ -97,8 +77,8 @@ int init_libplacebo(
        filter_args,
        sizeof(filter_args),
        "w=%d:h=%d:upscaler=ewa_lanczos:custom_shader_path=%s",
-        output_width,
-        output_height,
+        out_width,
+        out_height,
        shader_path_string.c_str()
    );

@@ -107,20 +87,20 @@ int init_libplacebo(
        &libplacebo_ctx, libplacebo_filter, "libplacebo", filter_args, NULL, graph
    );
    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create libplacebo filter\n");
-        av_buffer_unref(&hw_device_ctx);
+        spdlog::error("Cannot create libplacebo filter.");
        avfilter_graph_free(&graph);
        return ret;
    }

    // Set the hardware device context to Vulkan
-    libplacebo_ctx->hw_device_ctx = av_buffer_ref(hw_device_ctx);
+    if (hw_ctx != nullptr) {
+        libplacebo_ctx->hw_device_ctx = av_buffer_ref(hw_ctx);
+    }

    // Link buffersrc to libplacebo
    ret = avfilter_link(last_filter, 0, libplacebo_ctx, 0);
    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error connecting buffersrc to libplacebo filter\n");
-        av_buffer_unref(&hw_device_ctx);
+        spdlog::error("Error connecting buffersrc to libplacebo filter.");
        avfilter_graph_free(&graph);
        return ret;
    }
@@ -131,8 +111,7 @@ int init_libplacebo(
    const AVFilter *buffersink = avfilter_get_by_name("buffersink");
    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(buffersink_ctx, buffersink, "out", NULL, NULL, graph);
    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create buffer sink\n");
-        av_buffer_unref(&hw_device_ctx);
+        spdlog::error("Cannot create buffer sink.");
        avfilter_graph_free(&graph);
        return ret;
    }
@@ -140,8 +119,7 @@ int init_libplacebo(
    // Link libplacebo to buffersink
    ret = avfilter_link(last_filter, 0, *buffersink_ctx, 0);
    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error connecting libplacebo filter to buffersink\n");
-        av_buffer_unref(&hw_device_ctx);
+        spdlog::error("Error connecting libplacebo filter to buffersink.");
        avfilter_graph_free(&graph);
        return ret;
    }
@@ -149,13 +127,11 @@ int init_libplacebo(
    // Configure the filter graph
    ret = avfilter_graph_config(graph, NULL);
    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error configuring the filter graph\n");
-        av_buffer_unref(&hw_device_ctx);
+        spdlog::error("Error configuring the filter graph.");
        avfilter_graph_free(&graph);
        return ret;
    }

    *filter_graph = graph;
-    *device_ctx = hw_device_ctx;
    return 0;
 }
--- a/src/libplacebo_filter.cpp
+++ b/src/libplacebo_filter.cpp
@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
+#include "libplacebo_filter.h"
+
 #include <cstdio>

-extern "C" {
-#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
-#include <libavfilter/buffersink.h>
-#include <libavfilter/buffersrc.h>
-#include <libavutil/buffer.h>
-}
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>

 #include "fsutils.h"
 #include "libplacebo.h"
-#include "libplacebo_filter.h"

-LibplaceboFilter::LibplaceboFilter(int width, int height, const std::filesystem::path &shader_path)
+LibplaceboFilter::LibplaceboFilter(
+    int out_width,
+    int out_height,
+    const std::filesystem::path &shader_path
+)
    : filter_graph(nullptr),
      buffersrc_ctx(nullptr),
      buffersink_ctx(nullptr),
-      device_ctx(nullptr),
-      output_width(width),
-      output_height(height),
+      out_width(out_width),
+      out_height(out_height),
      shader_path(std::move(shader_path)) {}

 LibplaceboFilter::~LibplaceboFilter() {
@@ -29,17 +28,13 @@ LibplaceboFilter::~LibplaceboFilter() {
        avfilter_free(buffersink_ctx);
        buffersink_ctx = nullptr;
    }
-    if (device_ctx) {
-        av_buffer_unref(&device_ctx);
-        device_ctx = nullptr;
-    }
    if (filter_graph) {
        avfilter_graph_free(&filter_graph);
        filter_graph = nullptr;
    }
 }

-int LibplaceboFilter::init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx) {
+int LibplaceboFilter::init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVBufferRef *hw_ctx) {
    // Construct the shader path
    std::filesystem::path shader_full_path;
    if (filepath_is_readable(shader_path)) {
@@ -47,66 +42,76 @@ int LibplaceboFilter::init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx) {
        shader_full_path = shader_path;
    } else {
        // Construct the fallback path using std::filesystem
-        shader_full_path =
-            find_resource_file(std::filesystem::path("models") / (shader_path.string() + ".glsl"));
+        shader_full_path = find_resource_file(
+            std::filesystem::path("models") / "libplacebo" / (shader_path.string() + ".glsl")
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Check if the shader file exists
+    if (!std::filesystem::exists(shader_full_path)) {
+        spdlog::error("libplacebo shader file not found: {}", shader_full_path.string());
+        return -1;
    }

    // Save the output time base
-    output_time_base = enc_ctx->time_base;
+    in_time_base = dec_ctx->time_base;
+    out_time_base = enc_ctx->time_base;

-    return init_libplacebo(
+    // Initialize the libplacebo filter
+    int ret = init_libplacebo(
+        hw_ctx,
        &filter_graph,
        &buffersrc_ctx,
        &buffersink_ctx,
-        &device_ctx,
        dec_ctx,
-        output_width,
-        output_height,
+        out_width,
+        out_height,
        shader_full_path
    );
+
+    // Set these resources to nullptr since they are already freed by `avfilter_graph_free`
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        buffersrc_ctx = nullptr;
+        buffersink_ctx = nullptr;
+        filter_graph = nullptr;
+    }
+    return ret;
 }

-AVFrame *LibplaceboFilter::process_frame(AVFrame *input_frame) {
+int LibplaceboFilter::process_frame(AVFrame *in_frame, AVFrame **out_frame) {
    int ret;

    // Get the filtered frame
-    AVFrame *output_frame = av_frame_alloc();
-    if (output_frame == nullptr) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate output frame\n");
-        return nullptr;
+    *out_frame = av_frame_alloc();
+    if (*out_frame == nullptr) {
+        spdlog::error("Failed to allocate output frame");
+        return -1;
    }

    // Feed the frame to the filter graph
-    ret = av_buffersrc_add_frame(buffersrc_ctx, input_frame);
+    ret = av_buffersrc_add_frame(buffersrc_ctx, in_frame);
    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error while feeding the filter graph\n");
-        return nullptr;
+        spdlog::error("Error while feeding the filter graph");
+        return ret;
    }

-    ret = av_buffersink_get_frame(buffersink_ctx, output_frame);
+    ret = av_buffersink_get_frame(buffersink_ctx, *out_frame);
    if (ret < 0) {
-        av_frame_free(&output_frame);
-        if (ret != AVERROR(EAGAIN) && ret != AVERROR_EOF) {
-            char errbuf[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
-            av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
-            fprintf(stderr, "Error getting frame from filter graph: %s\n", errbuf);
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        return (AVFrame *)-1;
+        av_frame_free(out_frame);
+        return ret;
    }

    // Rescale PTS to encoder's time base
-    output_frame->pts =
-        av_rescale_q(output_frame->pts, buffersink_ctx->inputs[0]->time_base, output_time_base);
+    (*out_frame)->pts = av_rescale_q((*out_frame)->pts, in_time_base, out_time_base);

    // Return the processed frame to the caller
-    return output_frame;
+    return 0;
 }

-int LibplaceboFilter::flush(std::vector<AVFrame *> &processed_frames) {
-    int ret = av_buffersrc_add_frame(buffersrc_ctx, nullptr);  // Signal EOF to the filter graph
+int LibplaceboFilter::flush(std::vector<AVFrame *> &flushed_frames) {
+    int ret = av_buffersrc_add_frame(buffersrc_ctx, nullptr);
    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error while flushing filter graph\n");
+        spdlog::error("Error while flushing filter graph");
        return ret;
    }

@@ -128,11 +133,10 @@ int LibplaceboFilter::flush(std::vector<AVFrame *> &processed_frames) {
        }

        // Rescale PTS to encoder's time base
-        filt_frame->pts =
-            av_rescale_q(filt_frame->pts, buffersink_ctx->inputs[0]->time_base, output_time_base);
+        filt_frame->pts = av_rescale_q(filt_frame->pts, in_time_base, out_time_base);

        // Add to processed frames
-        processed_frames.push_back(filt_frame);
+        flushed_frames.push_back(filt_frame);
    }

    return 0;
--- a/src/libvideo2x.cpp
+++ b/src/libvideo2x.cpp
@@ -1,52 +1,71 @@
+#include "libvideo2x.h"
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <cstdint>
+#include <thread>

-// FFmpeg headers
-extern "C" {
-#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
-#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
-}
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+#include <opencv2/videoio.hpp>

 #include "decoder.h"
 #include "encoder.h"
 #include "filter.h"
 #include "libplacebo_filter.h"
-#include "libvideo2x.h"
 #include "realesrgan_filter.h"

-// Function to process frames using the selected filter (same as before)
-int process_frames(
-    ProcessingStatus *status,
-    AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx,
+/**
+ * @brief Process frames using the selected filter.
+ *
+ * @param[in] encoder_config Encoder configurations
+ * @param[in,out] proc_ctx Struct containing the processing context
+ * @param[in] ifmt_ctx Input format context
+ * @param[in] ofmt_ctx Output format context
+ * @param[in] dec_ctx Decoder context
+ * @param[in] enc_ctx Encoder context
+ * @param[in] filter Filter instance
+ * @param[in] vstream_idx Index of the video stream in the input format context
+ * @param[in] stream_map Array mapping input stream indexes to output stream indexes
+ * @param[in] benchmark Flag to enable benchmarking mode
+ * @return int 0 on success, negative value on error
+ */
+static int process_frames(
+    EncoderConfig *encoder_config,
+    VideoProcessingContext *proc_ctx,
+    AVFormatContext *ifmt_ctx,
    AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx,
    AVCodecContext *dec_ctx,
    AVCodecContext *enc_ctx,
    Filter *filter,
-    int video_stream_index
+    int vstream_idx,
+    int *stream_map,
+    bool benchmark = false
 ) {
    int ret;
    AVPacket packet;
    std::vector<AVFrame *> flushed_frames;
    char errbuf[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];

-    // Get the total number of frames in the video
-    AVStream *video_stream = fmt_ctx->streams[video_stream_index];
-    status->total_frames = video_stream->nb_frames;
+    // Get the total number of frames in the video with OpenCV
+    spdlog::debug("Unable to estimate total number of frames; reading with OpenCV");
+    cv::VideoCapture cap(ifmt_ctx->url);
+    if (!cap.isOpened()) {
+        spdlog::error("Failed to open video file with OpenCV");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    proc_ctx->total_frames = static_cast<int64_t>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT));
+    cap.release();

-    // If nb_frames is not set, calculate total frames using duration and frame rate
-    if (status->total_frames == 0) {
-        int64_t duration = video_stream->duration;
-        AVRational frame_rate = video_stream->avg_frame_rate;
-        if (duration != AV_NOPTS_VALUE && frame_rate.num != 0 && frame_rate.den != 0) {
-            status->total_frames = duration * frame_rate.num / frame_rate.den;
-        }
+    // Check if the total number of frames is still 0
+    if (proc_ctx->total_frames == 0) {
+        spdlog::warn("Unable to determine total number of frames");
+    } else {
+        spdlog::debug("{} frames to process", proc_ctx->total_frames);
    }

    // Get start time
-    status->start_time = time(NULL);
-    if (status->start_time == -1) {
+    proc_ctx->start_time = time(NULL);
+    if (proc_ctx->start_time == -1) {
        perror("time");
    }

@@ -57,85 +76,109 @@ int process_frames(
    }

    // Read frames from the input file
-    while (1) {
-        ret = av_read_frame(fmt_ctx, &packet);
+    while (!proc_ctx->abort) {
+        ret = av_read_frame(ifmt_ctx, &packet);
        if (ret < 0) {
-            break;  // End of file or error
+            if (ret == AVERROR_EOF) {
+                spdlog::debug("Reached end of file");
+                break;
+            }
+            av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
+            spdlog::error("Error reading packet: {}", errbuf);
+            goto end;
        }

-        if (packet.stream_index == video_stream_index) {
+        if (packet.stream_index == vstream_idx) {
            // Send the packet to the decoder
            ret = avcodec_send_packet(dec_ctx, &packet);
            if (ret < 0) {
                av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
-                fprintf(stderr, "Error sending packet to decoder: %s\n", errbuf);
+                spdlog::error("Error sending packet to decoder: {}", errbuf);
                av_packet_unref(&packet);
                goto end;
            }

            // Receive and process frames from the decoder
-            while (1) {
+            while (!proc_ctx->abort) {
+                // Check if the processing is paused
+                if (proc_ctx->pause) {
+                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
+                    continue;
+                }
+
                ret = avcodec_receive_frame(dec_ctx, frame);
                if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF) {
+                    spdlog::debug("Frame not ready");
                    break;
                } else if (ret < 0) {
                    av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
-                    fprintf(stderr, "Error decoding video frame: %s\n", errbuf);
+                    spdlog::error("Error decoding video frame: {}", errbuf);
                    goto end;
                }

                // Process the frame using the selected filter
-                AVFrame *processed_frame = filter->process_frame(frame);
-                if (processed_frame != nullptr && processed_frame != (AVFrame *)-1) {
+                AVFrame *processed_frame = nullptr;
+                ret = filter->process_frame(frame, &processed_frame);
+                if (ret == 0 && processed_frame != nullptr) {
                    // Encode and write the processed frame
-                    ret = encode_and_write_frame(processed_frame, enc_ctx, ofmt_ctx);
-                    if (ret < 0) {
-                        av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
-                        fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding/writing frame: %s\n", errbuf);
-                        av_frame_free(&processed_frame);
-                        goto end;
+                    if (!benchmark) {
+                        ret =
+                            encode_and_write_frame(processed_frame, enc_ctx, ofmt_ctx, vstream_idx);
+                        if (ret < 0) {
+                            av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
+                            spdlog::error("Error encoding/writing frame: {}", errbuf);
+                            av_frame_free(&processed_frame);
+                            goto end;
+                        }
                    }

                    av_frame_free(&processed_frame);
-                    status->processed_frames++;
-                } else if (processed_frame != (AVFrame *)-1) {
-                    fprintf(stderr, "Error processing frame\n");
+                    proc_ctx->processed_frames++;
+                } else if (ret != AVERROR(EAGAIN) && ret != AVERROR_EOF) {
+                    spdlog::error("Filter returned an error");
                    goto end;
                }

                av_frame_unref(frame);
-
-                // Print the processing status
-                printf(
-                    "\r[Video2X] Processing frame %ld/%ld (%.2f%%); time elapsed: %lds",
-                    status->processed_frames,
-                    status->total_frames,
-                    status->processed_frames * 100.0 / status->total_frames,
-                    time(NULL) - status->start_time
+                spdlog::debug(
+                    "Processed frame {}/{}", proc_ctx->processed_frames, proc_ctx->total_frames
                );
-                fflush(stdout);
+            }
+        } else if (encoder_config->copy_streams && stream_map[packet.stream_index] >= 0) {
+            AVStream *in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[packet.stream_index];
+            int out_stream_index = stream_map[packet.stream_index];
+            AVStream *out_stream = ofmt_ctx->streams[out_stream_index];
+
+            // Rescale packet timestamps
+            av_packet_rescale_ts(&packet, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base);
+            packet.stream_index = out_stream_index;
+
+            // If copy streams is enabled, copy the packet to the output
+            ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, &packet);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
+                spdlog::error("Error muxing packet: {}", errbuf);
+                av_packet_unref(&packet);
+                return ret;
            }
        }
        av_packet_unref(&packet);
    }

-    // Print a newline after processing all frames
-    printf("\n");
-
    // Flush the filter
    ret = filter->flush(flushed_frames);
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error flushing filter: %s\n", errbuf);
+        spdlog::error("Error flushing filter: {}", errbuf);
        goto end;
    }

    // Encode and write all flushed frames
    for (AVFrame *&flushed_frame : flushed_frames) {
-        ret = encode_and_write_frame(flushed_frame, enc_ctx, ofmt_ctx);
+        ret = encode_and_write_frame(flushed_frame, enc_ctx, ofmt_ctx, vstream_idx);
        if (ret < 0) {
            av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
-            fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding/writing flushed frame: %s\n", errbuf);
+            spdlog::error("Error encoding/writing flushed frame: {}", errbuf);
            av_frame_free(&flushed_frame);
            flushed_frame = nullptr;
            goto end;
@@ -148,7 +191,7 @@ int process_frames(
    ret = flush_encoder(enc_ctx, ofmt_ctx);
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error flushing encoder: %s\n", errbuf);
+        spdlog::error("Error flushing encoder: {}", errbuf);
        goto end;
    }

@@ -163,84 +206,186 @@ end:
    return ret;
 }

-// Cleanup helper function
-void cleanup(
-    AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx,
+// Cleanup resources after processing the video
+static void cleanup(
+    AVFormatContext *ifmt_ctx,
    AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx,
    AVCodecContext *dec_ctx,
    AVCodecContext *enc_ctx,
+    AVBufferRef *hw_ctx,
+    int *stream_map,
    Filter *filter
 ) {
-    if (filter) {
-        delete filter;
-    }
-    if (dec_ctx) {
-        avcodec_free_context(&dec_ctx);
-    }
-    if (enc_ctx) {
-        avcodec_free_context(&enc_ctx);
-    }
-    if (fmt_ctx) {
-        avformat_close_input(&fmt_ctx);
+    if (ifmt_ctx) {
+        avformat_close_input(&ifmt_ctx);
+        ifmt_ctx = nullptr;
    }
    if (ofmt_ctx && !(ofmt_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
        avio_closep(&ofmt_ctx->pb);
+        ofmt_ctx->pb = nullptr;
    }
    if (ofmt_ctx) {
        avformat_free_context(ofmt_ctx);
+        ofmt_ctx = nullptr;
+    }
+    if (dec_ctx) {
+        avcodec_free_context(&dec_ctx);
+        dec_ctx = nullptr;
+    }
+    if (enc_ctx) {
+        avcodec_free_context(&enc_ctx);
+        enc_ctx = nullptr;
+    }
+    if (hw_ctx) {
+        av_buffer_unref(&hw_ctx);
+        hw_ctx = nullptr;
+    }
+    if (stream_map) {
+        av_free(stream_map);
+        stream_map = nullptr;
+    }
+    if (filter) {
+        delete filter;
+        filter = nullptr;
    }
 }

-// Main function to process the video
+/**
+ * @brief Process a video file using the selected filter and encoder settings.
+ *
+ * @param[in] in_fname Path to the input video file
+ * @param[in] out_fname Path to the output video file
+ * @param[in] log_level Log level
+ * @param[in] benchmark Flag to enable benchmarking mode
+ * @param[in] hw_type Hardware device type
+ * @param[in] filter_config Filter configurations
+ * @param[in] encoder_config Encoder configurations
+ * @param[in,out] proc_ctx Video processing context
+ * @return int 0 on success, non-zero value on error
+ */
 extern "C" int process_video(
-    const char *input_filename,
-    const char *output_filename,
+    const char *in_fname,
+    const char *out_fname,
+    Libvideo2xLogLevel log_level,
+    bool benchmark,
+    AVHWDeviceType hw_type,
    const FilterConfig *filter_config,
    EncoderConfig *encoder_config,
-    ProcessingStatus *status
+    VideoProcessingContext *proc_ctx
 ) {
-    AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx = nullptr;
+    AVFormatContext *ifmt_ctx = nullptr;
    AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx = nullptr;
    AVCodecContext *dec_ctx = nullptr;
    AVCodecContext *enc_ctx = nullptr;
+    AVBufferRef *hw_ctx = nullptr;
+    int *stream_map = nullptr;
    Filter *filter = nullptr;
-    int video_stream_index = -1;
-    int ret = 0;  // Initialize ret with 0 to assume success
+    int vstream_idx = -1;
+    char errbuf[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    // Set the log level for FFmpeg and spdlog (libvideo2x)
+    switch (log_level) {
+        case LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_TRACE:
+            av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_TRACE);
+            spdlog::set_level(spdlog::level::trace);
+            break;
+        case LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG:
+            av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_DEBUG);
+            spdlog::set_level(spdlog::level::debug);
+            break;
+        case LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_INFO:
+            av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_INFO);
+            spdlog::set_level(spdlog::level::info);
+            break;
+        case LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING:
+            av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_WARNING);
+            spdlog::set_level(spdlog::level::warn);
+            break;
+        case LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR:
+            av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_ERROR);
+            spdlog::set_level(spdlog::level::err);
+            break;
+        case LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL:
+            av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_FATAL);
+            spdlog::set_level(spdlog::level::critical);
+            break;
+        case LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_OFF:
+            av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_QUIET);
+            spdlog::set_level(spdlog::level::off);
+            break;
+        default:
+            av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_INFO);
+            spdlog::set_level(spdlog::level::info);
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // Initialize hardware device context
+    if (hw_type != AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE) {
+        ret = av_hwdevice_ctx_create(&hw_ctx, hw_type, NULL, NULL, 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
+            spdlog::error("Error initializing hardware device context: {}", errbuf);
+            return ret;
+        }
+    }

    // Initialize input
-    if (init_decoder(input_filename, &fmt_ctx, &dec_ctx, &video_stream_index) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize decoder\n");
-        cleanup(fmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, filter);
-        return 1;
+    ret = init_decoder(hw_type, hw_ctx, in_fname, &ifmt_ctx, &dec_ctx, &vstream_idx);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
+        spdlog::error("Failed to initialize decoder: {}", errbuf);
+        cleanup(ifmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx, stream_map, filter);
+        return ret;
    }

    // Initialize output based on Libplacebo or RealESRGAN configuration
    int output_width = 0, output_height = 0;
    switch (filter_config->filter_type) {
        case FILTER_LIBPLACEBO:
-            output_width = filter_config->config.libplacebo.output_width;
-            output_height = filter_config->config.libplacebo.output_height;
+            output_width = filter_config->config.libplacebo.out_width;
+            output_height = filter_config->config.libplacebo.out_height;
            break;
        case FILTER_REALESRGAN:
            // Calculate the output dimensions based on the scaling factor
            output_width = dec_ctx->width * filter_config->config.realesrgan.scaling_factor;
            output_height = dec_ctx->height * filter_config->config.realesrgan.scaling_factor;
+            break;
+        default:
+            spdlog::error("Unknown filter type");
+            cleanup(ifmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx, stream_map, filter);
+            return -1;
    }
+    spdlog::info("Output video dimensions: {}x{}", output_width, output_height);

    // Initialize output encoder
-    encoder_config->output_width = output_width;
-    encoder_config->output_height = output_height;
-    if (init_encoder(output_filename, &ofmt_ctx, &enc_ctx, dec_ctx, encoder_config) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize encoder\n");
-        cleanup(fmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, filter);
-        return 1;
+    encoder_config->out_width = output_width;
+    encoder_config->out_height = output_height;
+    ret = init_encoder(
+        hw_ctx,
+        out_fname,
+        ifmt_ctx,
+        &ofmt_ctx,
+        &enc_ctx,
+        dec_ctx,
+        encoder_config,
+        vstream_idx,
+        &stream_map
+    );
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
+        spdlog::error("Failed to initialize encoder: {}", errbuf);
+        cleanup(ifmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx, stream_map, filter);
+        return ret;
    }

    // Write the output file header
-    if (avformat_write_header(ofmt_ctx, NULL) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred when opening output file\n");
-        cleanup(fmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, filter);
-        return 1;
+    ret = avformat_write_header(ofmt_ctx, NULL);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
+        spdlog::error("Error occurred when opening output file: {}", errbuf);
+        cleanup(ifmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx, stream_map, filter);
+        return ret;
    }

    // Create and initialize the appropriate filter
@@ -250,21 +395,21 @@ extern "C" int process_video(

            // Validate shader path
            if (!config.shader_path) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "Shader path must be provided for the libplacebo filter\n");
-                cleanup(fmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, filter);
-                return 1;
+                spdlog::error("Shader path must be provided for the libplacebo filter");
+                cleanup(ifmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx, stream_map, filter);
+                return -1;
            }

            // Validate output dimensions
-            if (config.output_width <= 0 || config.output_height <= 0) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "Output dimensions must be provided for the libplacebo filter\n");
-                cleanup(fmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, filter);
-                return 1;
+            if (config.out_width <= 0 || config.out_height <= 0) {
+                spdlog::error("Output dimensions must be provided for the libplacebo filter");
+                cleanup(ifmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx, stream_map, filter);
+                return -1;
            }

-            filter = new LibplaceboFilter(
-                config.output_width, config.output_height, std::filesystem::path(config.shader_path)
-            );
+            filter = new LibplaceboFilter{
+                config.out_width, config.out_height, std::filesystem::path(config.shader_path)
+            };
            break;
        }
        case FILTER_REALESRGAN: {
@@ -272,56 +417,67 @@ extern "C" int process_video(

            // Validate model name
            if (!config.model) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "Model name must be provided for the RealESRGAN filter\n");
-                cleanup(fmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, filter);
-                return 1;
+                spdlog::error("Model name must be provided for the RealESRGAN filter");
+                cleanup(ifmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx, stream_map, filter);
+                return -1;
            }

            // Validate scaling factor
            if (config.scaling_factor <= 0) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "Scaling factor must be provided for the RealESRGAN filter\n");
-                cleanup(fmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, filter);
-                return 1;
+                spdlog::error("Scaling factor must be provided for the RealESRGAN filter");
+                cleanup(ifmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx, stream_map, filter);
+                return -1;
            }

-            filter = new RealesrganFilter(
+            filter = new RealesrganFilter{
                config.gpuid, config.tta_mode, config.scaling_factor, config.model
-            );
+            };
            break;
        }
        default:
-            fprintf(stderr, "Unknown filter type\n");
-            cleanup(fmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, filter);
-            return 1;
+            spdlog::error("Unknown filter type");
+            cleanup(ifmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx, stream_map, filter);
+            return -1;
    }

    // Initialize the filter
-    if (filter->init(dec_ctx, enc_ctx) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize filter\n");
-        cleanup(fmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, filter);
-        return 1;
+    ret = filter->init(dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        spdlog::error("Failed to initialize filter");
+        cleanup(ifmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx, stream_map, filter);
+        return ret;
    }

    // Process frames
-    if ((ret =
-             process_frames(status, fmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, filter, video_stream_index)
-        ) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error processing frames\n");
-        cleanup(fmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, filter);
-        return 1;
+    ret = process_frames(
+        encoder_config,
+        proc_ctx,
+        ifmt_ctx,
+        ofmt_ctx,
+        dec_ctx,
+        enc_ctx,
+        filter,
+        vstream_idx,
+        stream_map,
+        benchmark
+    );
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
+        spdlog::error("Error processing frames: {}", errbuf);
+        cleanup(ifmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx, stream_map, filter);
+        return ret;
    }

    // Write the output file trailer
    av_write_trailer(ofmt_ctx);

    // Cleanup before returning
-    cleanup(fmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, filter);
+    cleanup(ifmt_ctx, ofmt_ctx, dec_ctx, enc_ctx, hw_ctx, stream_map, filter);

    if (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF) {
-        char errbuf[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
        av_strerror(ret, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred: %s\n", errbuf);
-        return 1;
+        spdlog::error("Error occurred: {}", errbuf);
+        return ret;
    }
    return 0;
 }
--- a/src/realesrgan_filter.cpp
+++ b/src/realesrgan_filter.cpp
@@ -1,18 +1,13 @@
+#include "realesrgan_filter.h"
+
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdio>
-#include <filesystem>
 #include <string>

-extern "C" {
-#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
-#include <libavutil/avutil.h>
-#include <libavutil/imgutils.h>
-}
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>

 #include "conversions.h"
 #include "fsutils.h"
-#include "realesrgan.h"
-#include "realesrgan_filter.h"

 RealesrganFilter::RealesrganFilter(
    int gpuid,
@@ -37,16 +32,16 @@ RealesrganFilter::~RealesrganFilter() {
    }
 }

-int RealesrganFilter::init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx) {
+int RealesrganFilter::init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVBufferRef *_) {
    // Construct the model paths using std::filesystem
    std::filesystem::path model_param_path;
    std::filesystem::path model_bin_path;

    if (model) {
        // Find the model paths by model name if provided
-        model_param_path = std::filesystem::path("models") /
+        model_param_path = std::filesystem::path("models") / "realesrgan" /
                           (std::string(model) + "-x" + std::to_string(scaling_factor) + ".param");
-        model_bin_path = std::filesystem::path("models") /
+        model_bin_path = std::filesystem::path("models") / "realesrgan" /
                         (std::string(model) + "-x" + std::to_string(scaling_factor) + ".bin");
    } else if (!custom_model_param_path.empty() && !custom_model_bin_path.empty()) {
        // Use the custom model paths if provided
@@ -54,7 +49,7 @@ int RealesrganFilter::init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx) {
        model_bin_path = custom_model_bin_path;
    } else {
        // Neither model name nor custom model paths provided
-        fprintf(stderr, "Model or model paths must be provided for RealESRGAN filter\n");
+        spdlog::error("Model or model paths must be provided for RealESRGAN filter");
        return -1;
    }

@@ -62,17 +57,27 @@ int RealesrganFilter::init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx) {
    std::filesystem::path model_param_full_path = find_resource_file(model_param_path);
    std::filesystem::path model_bin_full_path = find_resource_file(model_bin_path);

+    // Check if the model files exist
+    if (!std::filesystem::exists(model_param_full_path)) {
+        spdlog::error("RealESRGAN model param file not found: {}", model_param_full_path.string());
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (!std::filesystem::exists(model_bin_full_path)) {
+        spdlog::error("RealESRGAN model bin file not found: {}", model_bin_full_path.string());
+        return -1;
+    }
+
    // Create a new RealESRGAN instance
    realesrgan = new RealESRGAN(gpuid, tta_mode);

    // Store the time bases
-    input_time_base = dec_ctx->time_base;
-    output_time_base = enc_ctx->time_base;
-    output_pix_fmt = enc_ctx->pix_fmt;
+    in_time_base = dec_ctx->time_base;
+    out_time_base = enc_ctx->time_base;
+    out_pix_fmt = enc_ctx->pix_fmt;

    // Load the model
    if (realesrgan->load(model_param_full_path, model_bin_full_path) != 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to load RealESRGAN model\n");
+        spdlog::error("Failed to load RealESRGAN model");
        return -1;
    }

@@ -95,35 +100,33 @@ int RealesrganFilter::init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx) {
    return 0;
 }

-AVFrame *RealesrganFilter::process_frame(AVFrame *input_frame) {
+int RealesrganFilter::process_frame(AVFrame *in_frame, AVFrame **out_frame) {
+    int ret;
+
    // Convert the input frame to RGB24
-    ncnn::Mat input_mat = avframe_to_ncnn_mat(input_frame);
-    if (input_mat.empty()) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to convert AVFrame to ncnn::Mat\n");
-        return nullptr;
+    ncnn::Mat in_mat = avframe_to_ncnn_mat(in_frame);
+    if (in_mat.empty()) {
+        spdlog::error("Failed to convert AVFrame to ncnn::Mat");
+        return -1;
    }

    // Allocate space for ouptut ncnn::Mat
-    int output_width = input_mat.w * realesrgan->scale;
-    int output_height = input_mat.h * realesrgan->scale;
-    ncnn::Mat output_mat = ncnn::Mat(output_width, output_height, (size_t)3, 3);
+    int output_width = in_mat.w * realesrgan->scale;
+    int output_height = in_mat.h * realesrgan->scale;
+    ncnn::Mat out_mat = ncnn::Mat(output_width, output_height, static_cast<size_t>(3), 3);

-    if (realesrgan->process(input_mat, output_mat) != 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "RealESRGAN processing failed\n");
-        return nullptr;
+    ret = realesrgan->process(in_mat, out_mat);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        spdlog::error("RealESRGAN processing failed");
+        return ret;
    }

    // Convert ncnn::Mat to AVFrame
-    AVFrame *output_frame = ncnn_mat_to_avframe(output_mat, output_pix_fmt);
+    *out_frame = ncnn_mat_to_avframe(out_mat, out_pix_fmt);

    // Rescale PTS to encoder's time base
-    output_frame->pts = av_rescale_q(input_frame->pts, input_time_base, output_time_base);
+    (*out_frame)->pts = av_rescale_q(in_frame->pts, in_time_base, out_time_base);

    // Return the processed frame to the caller
-    return output_frame;
-}
-
-int RealesrganFilter::flush(std::vector<AVFrame *> &processed_frames) {
-    // No special flushing needed for RealESRGAN
-    return 0;
+    return ret;
 }
--- a/src/video2x.c
+++ b/src/video2x.c
@@ -1,24 +1,41 @@
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <threads.h>
+#include <time.h>

+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <conio.h>
+#else
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <libavutil/hwcontext.h>
 #include <libavutil/pixdesc.h>
 #include <libavutil/pixfmt.h>

-#include <libvideo2x.h>
+#include <libvideo2x/libvideo2x.h>
+#include <libvideo2x/version.h>

 #include "getopt.h"

-const char *VIDEO2X_VERSION = "6.0.0";
-
 // Define command line options
 static struct option long_options[] = {
+    {"loglevel", required_argument, NULL, 0},
+    {"noprogress", no_argument, NULL, 0},
+    {"version", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
+    {"help", no_argument, NULL, 0},
+
    // General options
    {"input", required_argument, NULL, 'i'},
    {"output", required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
    {"filter", required_argument, NULL, 'f'},
-    {"version", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
-    {"help", no_argument, NULL, 0},
+    {"hwaccel", required_argument, NULL, 'a'},
+    {"nocopystreams", no_argument, NULL, 0},
+    {"benchmark", no_argument, NULL, 0},

    // Encoder options
    {"codec", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
@@ -27,7 +44,7 @@ static struct option long_options[] = {
    {"bitrate", required_argument, NULL, 'b'},
    {"crf", required_argument, NULL, 'q'},

-    // Libplacebo options
+    // libplacebo options
    {"shader", required_argument, NULL, 's'},
    {"width", required_argument, NULL, 'w'},
    {"height", required_argument, NULL, 'h'},
@@ -39,12 +56,27 @@ static struct option long_options[] = {
    {0, 0, 0, 0}
 };

+// List of valid RealESRGAN models
+const char *valid_realesrgan_models[] = {
+    "realesrgan-plus",
+    "realesrgan-plus-anime",
+    "realesr-animevideov3",
+};
+
+// Indicate if a newline needs to be printed before the next output
+bool newline_required = false;
+
 // Structure to hold parsed arguments
 struct arguments {
    // General options
-    const char *input_filename;
-    const char *output_filename;
+    const char *loglevel;
+    bool noprogress;
+    const char *in_fname;
+    const char *out_fname;
    const char *filter_type;
+    const char *hwaccel;
+    bool nocopystreams;
+    bool benchmark;

    // Encoder options
    const char *codec;
@@ -55,8 +87,8 @@ struct arguments {

    // libplacebo options
    const char *shader_path;
-    int output_width;
-    int output_height;
+    int out_width;
+    int out_height;

    // RealESRGAN options
    int gpuid;
@@ -64,42 +96,81 @@ struct arguments {
    int scaling_factor;
 };

-const char *valid_models[] = {
-    "realesrgan-plus",
-    "realesrgan-plus-anime",
-    "realesr-animevideov3",
+struct ProcessVideoThreadArguments {
+    struct arguments *arguments;
+    enum AVHWDeviceType hw_device_type;
+    struct FilterConfig *filter_config;
+    struct EncoderConfig *encoder_config;
+    struct VideoProcessingContext *proc_ctx;
 };

+// Set UNIX terminal input to non-blocking mode
+#ifndef _WIN32
+void set_nonblocking_input(bool enable) {
+    static struct termios oldt, newt;
+    if (enable) {
+        tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &oldt);
+        newt = oldt;
+        newt.c_lflag &= ~(tcflag_t)(ICANON | ECHO);
+        tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &newt);
+        fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+    } else {
+        tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &oldt);
+        fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_SETFL, 0);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+// Newline-safe log callback for FFmpeg
+void newline_safe_ffmpeg_log_callback(void *ptr, int level, const char *fmt, va_list vl) {
+    if (level <= av_log_get_level() && newline_required) {
+        putchar('\n');
+        newline_required = false;
+    }
+    av_log_default_callback(ptr, level, fmt, vl);
+}
+
 int is_valid_realesrgan_model(const char *model) {
    if (!model) {
        return 0;
    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(valid_models) / sizeof(valid_models[0]); i++) {
-        if (strcmp(model, valid_models[i]) == 0) {
+    for (unsigned long i = 0;
+         i < sizeof(valid_realesrgan_models) / sizeof(valid_realesrgan_models[0]);
+         i++) {
+        if (strcmp(model, valid_realesrgan_models[i]) == 0) {
            return 1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
 }

-void print_help() {
+void print_help(void) {
    printf("Usage: video2x [OPTIONS]\n");
-    printf("\nGeneral Options:\n");
+    printf("\nOptions:\n");
+    printf("  --loglevel		Set log level \n");
+    printf("			(trace, debug, info, warn, error, critical, none)\n");
+    printf("  --noprogress		Do not display the progress bar\n");
+    printf("  -v, --version		Print program version\n");
+    printf("  -?, --help		Display this help page\n");
+    printf("\nGeneral Processing Options:\n");
    printf("  -i, --input		Input video file path\n");
    printf("  -o, --output		Output video file path\n");
    printf("  -f, --filter		Filter to use: 'libplacebo' or 'realesrgan'\n");
-    printf("  -v, --version		Print program version\n");
-    printf("  --help		Display this help page\n");
+    printf("  -a, --hwaccel		Hardware acceleration method (default: none)\n");
+    printf("  --nocopystreams	Do not copy audio and subtitle streams\n");
+    printf("  --benchmark		Discard processed frames and calculate average FPS\n");

    printf("\nEncoder Options (Optional):\n");
    printf("  -c, --codec		Output codec (default: libx264)\n");
-    printf("  -p, --preset		Encoder preset (default: veryslow)\n");
-    printf("  -x, --pixfmt		Output pixel format (default: yuv420p)\n");
-    printf("  -b, --bitrate		Bitrate in bits per second (default: 2000000)\n");
-    printf("  -q, --crf		Constant Rate Factor (default: 17.0)\n");
+    printf("  -p, --preset		Encoder preset (default: slow)\n");
+    printf("  -x, --pixfmt		Output pixel format (default: auto)\n");
+    printf("  -b, --bitrate		Bitrate in bits per second (default: 0 (VBR))\n");
+    printf("  -q, --crf		Constant Rate Factor (default: 20.0)\n");

    printf("\nlibplacebo Options:\n");
-    printf("  -s, --shader		Name or path to custom GLSL shader file\n");
+    printf("  -s, --shader		Name or path of the GLSL shader file to use \n");
+    printf("			(built-in: 'anime4k-a', 'anime4k-b', 'anime4k-c',\n");
+    printf("			'anime4k-a+a', 'anime4k-b+b', 'anime4k-c+a')\n");
    printf("  -w, --width		Output width\n");
    printf("  -h, --height		Output height\n");

@@ -107,6 +178,10 @@ void print_help() {
    printf("  -g, --gpuid		Vulkan GPU ID (default: 0)\n");
    printf("  -m, --model		Name of the model to use\n");
    printf("  -r, --scale		Scaling factor (2, 3, or 4)\n");
+
+    printf("\nExamples Usage:\n");
+    printf("  video2x -i in.mp4 -o out.mp4 -f libplacebo -s anime4k-a+a -w 3840 -h 2160\n");
+    printf("  video2x -i in.mp4 -o out.mp4 -f realesrgan -m realesr-animevideov3 -r 4\n");
 }

 void parse_arguments(int argc, char **argv, struct arguments *arguments) {
@@ -114,39 +189,48 @@ void parse_arguments(int argc, char **argv, struct arguments *arguments) {
    int c;

    // Default argument values
-    arguments->input_filename = NULL;
-    arguments->output_filename = NULL;
+    arguments->loglevel = "info";
+    arguments->noprogress = false;
+    arguments->in_fname = NULL;
+    arguments->out_fname = NULL;
    arguments->filter_type = NULL;
+    arguments->hwaccel = "none";
+    arguments->nocopystreams = false;
+    arguments->benchmark = false;

    // Encoder options
    arguments->codec = "libx264";
-    arguments->preset = "veryslow";
-    arguments->pix_fmt = "yuv420p";
-    arguments->bitrate = 2 * 1000 * 1000;
-    arguments->crf = 17.0;
+    arguments->preset = "slow";
+    arguments->pix_fmt = NULL;
+    arguments->bitrate = 0;
+    arguments->crf = 20.0;

    // libplacebo options
    arguments->shader_path = NULL;
-    arguments->output_width = 0;
-    arguments->output_height = 0;
+    arguments->out_width = 0;
+    arguments->out_height = 0;

    // RealESRGAN options
    arguments->gpuid = 0;
    arguments->model = NULL;
    arguments->scaling_factor = 0;

-    while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "i:o:f:c:x:p:b:q:s:w:h:r:m:v", long_options, &option_index)
-           ) != -1) {
+    while ((c = getopt_long(
+                argc, argv, "i:o:f:a:c:x:p:b:q:s:w:h:r:m:v", long_options, &option_index
+            )) != -1) {
        switch (c) {
            case 'i':
-                arguments->input_filename = optarg;
+                arguments->in_fname = optarg;
                break;
            case 'o':
-                arguments->output_filename = optarg;
+                arguments->out_fname = optarg;
                break;
            case 'f':
                arguments->filter_type = optarg;
                break;
+            case 'a':
+                arguments->hwaccel = optarg;
+                break;
            case 'c':
                arguments->codec = optarg;
                break;
@@ -164,7 +248,7 @@ void parse_arguments(int argc, char **argv, struct arguments *arguments) {
                }
                break;
            case 'q':
-                arguments->crf = atof(optarg);
+                arguments->crf = (float)atof(optarg);
                if (arguments->crf < 0.0 || arguments->crf > 51.0) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Error: CRF must be between 0 and 51.\n");
                    exit(1);
@@ -174,15 +258,15 @@ void parse_arguments(int argc, char **argv, struct arguments *arguments) {
                arguments->shader_path = optarg;
                break;
            case 'w':
-                arguments->output_width = atoi(optarg);
-                if (arguments->output_width <= 0) {
+                arguments->out_width = atoi(optarg);
+                if (arguments->out_width <= 0) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Error: Output width must be greater than 0.\n");
                    exit(1);
                }
                break;
            case 'h':
-                arguments->output_height = atoi(optarg);
-                if (arguments->output_height <= 0) {
+                arguments->out_height = atoi(optarg);
+                if (arguments->out_height <= 0) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Error: Output height must be greater than 0.\n");
                    exit(1);
                }
@@ -195,7 +279,8 @@ void parse_arguments(int argc, char **argv, struct arguments *arguments) {
                if (!is_valid_realesrgan_model(arguments->model)) {
                    fprintf(
                        stderr,
-                        "Error: Invalid model specified. Must be 'realesrgan-plus', 'realesrgan-plus-anime', or 'realesr-animevideov3'.\n"
+                        "Error: Invalid model specified. Must be 'realesrgan-plus', "
+                        "'realesrgan-plus-anime', or 'realesr-animevideov3'.\n"
                    );
                    exit(1);
                }
@@ -209,12 +294,20 @@ void parse_arguments(int argc, char **argv, struct arguments *arguments) {
                }
                break;
            case 'v':
-                printf("video2x %s\n", VIDEO2X_VERSION);
+                printf("Video2X version %s\n", LIBVIDEO2X_VERSION_STRING);
                exit(0);
-            case 0:  // Long-only options without short equivalents (e.g., help)
-                if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name, "help") == 0) {
+            case 0:  // Long-only options without short equivalents
+                if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name, "loglevel") == 0) {
+                    arguments->loglevel = optarg;
+                } else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name, "noprogress") == 0) {
+                    arguments->noprogress = true;
+                } else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name, "help") == 0) {
                    print_help();
                    exit(0);
+                } else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name, "nocopystreams") == 0) {
+                    arguments->nocopystreams = true;
+                } else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name, "benchmark") == 0) {
+                    arguments->benchmark = true;
                }
                break;
            default:
@@ -224,8 +317,13 @@ void parse_arguments(int argc, char **argv, struct arguments *arguments) {
    }

    // Check for required arguments
-    if (!arguments->input_filename || !arguments->output_filename) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Input and output files are required.\n");
+    if (!arguments->in_fname) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Input file path is required.\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    if (!arguments->out_fname && !arguments->benchmark) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Output file path is required.\n");
        exit(1);
    }

@@ -235,11 +333,11 @@ void parse_arguments(int argc, char **argv, struct arguments *arguments) {
    }

    if (strcmp(arguments->filter_type, "libplacebo") == 0) {
-        if (!arguments->shader_path || arguments->output_width == 0 ||
-            arguments->output_height == 0) {
+        if (!arguments->shader_path || arguments->out_width == 0 || arguments->out_height == 0) {
            fprintf(
                stderr,
-                "Error: For libplacebo, shader name/path (-s), width (-w), and height (-e) are required.\n"
+                "Error: For libplacebo, shader name/path (-s), width (-w), "
+                "and height (-e) are required.\n"
            );
            exit(1);
        }
@@ -253,7 +351,63 @@ void parse_arguments(int argc, char **argv, struct arguments *arguments) {
    }
 }

+enum Libvideo2xLogLevel parse_log_level(const char *level_name) {
+    if (strcmp(level_name, "trace") == 0) {
+        return LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_TRACE;
+    } else if (strcmp(level_name, "debug") == 0) {
+        return LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG;
+    } else if (strcmp(level_name, "info") == 0) {
+        return LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_INFO;
+    } else if (strcmp(level_name, "warning") == 0) {
+        return LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING;
+    } else if (strcmp(level_name, "error") == 0) {
+        return LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR;
+    } else if (strcmp(level_name, "critical") == 0) {
+        return LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL;
+    } else if (strcmp(level_name, "off") == 0) {
+        return LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_OFF;
+    } else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Invalid log level specified. Defaulting to 'info'.\n");
+        return LIBVIDEO2X_LOG_LEVEL_INFO;
+    }
+}
+
+// Wrapper function for video processing thread
+int process_video_thread(void *arg) {
+    struct ProcessVideoThreadArguments *thread_args = (struct ProcessVideoThreadArguments *)arg;
+
+    // Extract individual arguments
+    enum Libvideo2xLogLevel log_level = parse_log_level(thread_args->arguments->loglevel);
+    struct arguments *arguments = thread_args->arguments;
+    enum AVHWDeviceType hw_device_type = thread_args->hw_device_type;
+    struct FilterConfig *filter_config = thread_args->filter_config;
+    struct EncoderConfig *encoder_config = thread_args->encoder_config;
+    struct VideoProcessingContext *proc_ctx = thread_args->proc_ctx;
+
+    // Call the process_video function
+    int result = process_video(
+        arguments->in_fname,
+        arguments->out_fname,
+        log_level,
+        arguments->benchmark,
+        hw_device_type,
+        filter_config,
+        encoder_config,
+        proc_ctx
+    );
+
+    proc_ctx->completed = true;
+    return result;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    // Print help if no arguments are provided
+    if (argc < 2) {
+        print_help();
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // Parse command line arguments
    struct arguments arguments;
    parse_arguments(argc, argv, &arguments);

@@ -261,8 +415,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    struct FilterConfig filter_config;
    if (strcmp(arguments.filter_type, "libplacebo") == 0) {
        filter_config.filter_type = FILTER_LIBPLACEBO;
-        filter_config.config.libplacebo.output_width = arguments.output_width;
-        filter_config.config.libplacebo.output_height = arguments.output_height;
+        filter_config.config.libplacebo.out_width = arguments.out_width;
+        filter_config.config.libplacebo.out_height = arguments.out_height;
        filter_config.config.libplacebo.shader_path = arguments.shader_path;
    } else if (strcmp(arguments.filter_type, "realesrgan") == 0) {
        filter_config.filter_type = FILTER_REALESRGAN;
@@ -283,16 +437,20 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    }

    // Parse pixel format to AVPixelFormat
-    enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt = av_get_pix_fmt(arguments.pix_fmt);
-    if (pix_fmt == AV_PIX_FMT_NONE) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid pixel format '%s'.\n", arguments.pix_fmt);
-        return 1;
+    enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_NONE;
+    if (arguments.pix_fmt) {
+        pix_fmt = av_get_pix_fmt(arguments.pix_fmt);
+        if (pix_fmt == AV_PIX_FMT_NONE) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid pixel format '%s'.\n", arguments.pix_fmt);
+            return 1;
+        }
    }

    // Setup encoder configuration
    struct EncoderConfig encoder_config = {
-        .output_width = 0,   // To be filled by libvideo2x
-        .output_height = 0,  // To be filled by libvideo2x
+        .out_width = 0,   // To be filled by libvideo2x
+        .out_height = 0,  // To be filled by libvideo2x
+        .copy_streams = !arguments.nocopystreams,
        .codec = codec->id,
        .pix_fmt = pix_fmt,
        .preset = arguments.preset,
@@ -300,26 +458,142 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
        .crf = arguments.crf,
    };

-    // Setup struct to store processing status
-    struct ProcessingStatus status = {0};
-
-    // Process the video
-    if (process_video(
-            arguments.input_filename,
-            arguments.output_filename,
-            &filter_config,
-            &encoder_config,
-            &status
-        )) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Video processing failed.\n");
-        return 1;
+    // Parse hardware acceleration method
+    enum AVHWDeviceType hw_device_type = AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE;
+    if (strcmp(arguments.hwaccel, "none") != 0) {
+        hw_device_type = av_hwdevice_find_type_by_name(arguments.hwaccel);
+        if (hw_device_type == AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid hardware device type '%s'.\n", arguments.hwaccel);
+            return 1;
+        }
    }

+    // Setup struct to store processing context
+    struct VideoProcessingContext proc_ctx = {
+        .processed_frames = 0,
+        .total_frames = 0,
+        .start_time = time(NULL),
+        .pause = false,
+        .abort = false,
+        .completed = false
+    };
+
+    // Create a ThreadArguments struct to hold all the arguments for the thread
+    struct ProcessVideoThreadArguments thread_args = {
+        .arguments = &arguments,
+        .hw_device_type = hw_device_type,
+        .filter_config = &filter_config,
+        .encoder_config = &encoder_config,
+        .proc_ctx = &proc_ctx
+    };
+
+    // Register a newline-safe log callback for FFmpeg
+    // This will ensure that log messages are printed on a new line after the progress bar
+    av_log_set_callback(newline_safe_ffmpeg_log_callback);
+
+    // Create a thread for video processing
+    thrd_t processing_thread;
+    if (thrd_create(&processing_thread, process_video_thread, &thread_args) != thrd_success) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create processing thread\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("Video processing started; press SPACE to pause/resume, 'q' to abort.\n");
+
+// Enable non-blocking input
+#ifndef _WIN32
+    set_nonblocking_input(true);
+#endif
+
+    // Main thread loop to display progress and handle input
+    while (!proc_ctx.completed) {
+        // Check for key presses
+        int ch = -1;
+
+        // Check for key press
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        if (_kbhit()) {
+            ch = _getch();
+        }
+#else
+        ch = getchar();
+#endif
+
+        if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\n') {
+            // Toggle pause state
+            proc_ctx.pause = !proc_ctx.pause;
+            if (proc_ctx.pause) {
+                printf("\nProcessing paused. Press SPACE to resume, 'q' to abort.\n");
+            } else {
+                printf("Resuming processing...\n");
+            }
+        } else if (ch == 'q' || ch == 'Q') {
+            // Abort processing
+            printf("\nAborting processing...\n");
+            proc_ctx.abort = true;
+            newline_required = false;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Display progress
+        if (!arguments.noprogress && !proc_ctx.pause && proc_ctx.total_frames > 0) {
+            printf(
+                "\rProcessing frame %ld/%ld (%.2f%%); time elapsed: %lds",
+                proc_ctx.processed_frames,
+                proc_ctx.total_frames,
+                proc_ctx.total_frames > 0
+                    ? (double)proc_ctx.processed_frames * 100.0 / (double)proc_ctx.total_frames
+                    : 0.0,
+                time(NULL) - proc_ctx.start_time
+            );
+            fflush(stdout);
+            newline_required = true;
+        }
+
+        // Sleep for 50ms
+        thrd_sleep(&(struct timespec){.tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 100000000}, NULL);
+    }
+
+// Restore terminal to blocking mode
+#ifndef _WIN32
+    set_nonblocking_input(false);
+#endif
+
+    // Join the processing thread to ensure it completes before exiting
+    int process_result;
+    thrd_join(processing_thread, &process_result);
+
+    // Print a newline if progress bar was displayed
+    if (newline_required) {
+        putchar('\n');
+    }
+
+    // Print final message based on processing result
+    if (proc_ctx.abort) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Video processing aborted\n");
+        return 2;
+    } else if (process_result != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Video processing failed\n");
+        return process_result;
+    } else {
+        printf("Video processing completed successfully\n");
+    }
+
+    // Calculate statistics
+    time_t time_elapsed = time(NULL) - proc_ctx.start_time;
+    float average_speed_fps =
+        (float)proc_ctx.processed_frames / (time_elapsed > 0 ? (float)time_elapsed : 1);
+
    // Print processing summary
-    printf("====== Video2X Processing summary ======\n");
-    printf("Video file processed: %s\n", arguments.input_filename);
-    printf("Total frames processed: %ld\n", status.processed_frames);
-    printf("Total time taken: %lds\n", time(NULL) - status.start_time);
-    printf("Output written to: %s\n", arguments.output_filename);
+    printf("====== Video2X %s summary ======\n", arguments.benchmark ? "Benchmark" : "Processing");
+    printf("Video file processed: %s\n", arguments.in_fname);
+    printf("Total frames processed: %ld\n", proc_ctx.processed_frames);
+    printf("Total time taken: %lds\n", time_elapsed);
+    printf("Average processing speed: %.2f FPS\n", average_speed_fps);
+
+    // Print additional information if not in benchmark mode
+    if (!arguments.benchmark) {
+        printf("Output written to: %s\n", arguments.out_fname);
+    }
+
    return 0;
 }
--- a/third_party/libreal_esrgan_ncnn_vulkan
+++ b/third_party/libreal_esrgan_ncnn_vulkan
--- a/third_party/opencv
+++ b/third_party/opencv
--- a/third_party/spdlog
+++ b/third_party/spdlog
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
k4yt3x	ebd5e8eb3d	fix(realesrgan): fixed incorrect type for ncnn::Mat elemsize Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-26 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	50d5cb16d1	docs(video2x): updated command line help messages Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-26 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	8eac1a7393	feat(libplacebo): added more modes for Anime4K v4 Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-26 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	f0f3166d92	chore(models): moved model files into subdirectories Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-26 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	482e82f9c4	style(*): reduced implicit casting and other styling issues Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-25 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	58ea9e4b35	feat(cmake): removed CMake policy CMP0146 for compatibility Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-22 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	e077849a2c	docs(readme): updated links for 6.0.0-beta.4 Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-22 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	0fb547589d	feat(*): updated Dockerfile and PKGBUILD for 6.0.0-beta.4 Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-22 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	1f18b8507d	feat(cmake): added installation rules for FFmpeg and OpenCV DLLs	2024-10-21 21:43:11 -04:00
k4yt3x	eb7d411f49	perf(libvideo2x): removed unnecessary read of nb_frames Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-22 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	640d9cd52b	fix(encoder): fixed memory leak in the encoder Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-21 00:00:00 +00:00
K4YT3X	bc168d11ab	feat(libvideo2x): use OpenCV to retrieve total frame count (#1194 )	2024-10-21 23:54:22 +00:00
Owen Quinlan	e09f348890	Fix missing spdlog in docker build [Fix for #1185 ] (#1186 ) * Fix missing spdlog in docker build * fix: added the spdlog dependency for the Dockerfile building stage --------- Co-authored-by: K4YT3X <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-14 16:51:40 +00:00
k4yt3x	f3caf22765	docs(readme): updated links for 6.0.0-beta.3 Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-14 00:00:00 +00:00
K4YT3X	cd2006b4d9	feat(): switched to spdlog for logging and organized headers (#1183 ) feat: updated PKGBUILD description * feat: updated workflow syntax and dependencies * feat: switched logging to spdlog * chore: adjusted library defaults * ci: fixed spdlog format string issues * docs: fixed docs for libvideo2x functions * feat: organized header files * fix: fixed header installation directory * feat: link spdlog statically if compiled from source * feat: adjusted libvideo2x log level enum names * feat: added version.h header Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-14 02:46:59 +00:00
k4yt3x	ecbc512711	ci(build): fixed librealesrgan library name Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-11 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	3fe1f6d544	docs(readme): updated Windows download link Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-11 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	ee4d6f360e	chore(librealesrgan): updated librealesrgan submodule Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-10 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	7ae1943754	docs(readme): added EOL notice for versions 4 and 5 Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-10 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	c2a4b25290	ci(build): fixed missing include in conversions.h Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-10 00:00:00 +00:00
k4yt3x	f79d4893db	docs(readme): updated README for 6.0.0-beta.2 Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-10 00:00:00 +00:00
K4YT3X	37c2c4c647	feat(): added support for copying audio/subtitle streams and pause/abort (#1179 ) feat: added Makefile target for debian * fix: fixed Dockerfile installing the wrong package * feat: added hwaccel for encoder and decoder * feat: added benchmark mode * feat: removed hard-coded keyframe info * chore: cleaned up headers and organized code * style: cleaned up headers and includes * feat: added a progress bar for CLI * feat: removed atomicity requirements on processed frames * feat: added pause and abort for CLI * chore: updated default preset and crf settings * feat: added support for copying audio and subtitle streams * fix: fixed syntax issues for MSVC * fix: fixed audio/subtitle timestamp rescaling Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-10 07:23:13 +00:00
k4yt3x	c7fa9c10e6	docs(readme): fixed logo for GitHub light theme Signed-off-by: k4yt3x <i@k4yt3x.com>	2024-10-08 00:00:00 +00:00