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MSCP_SSH_AUTH_PASSWORD passes a password, and MSCP_SSH_AUTH_PASSPHRASE passes a passphrase for publickey auth. They enable avoiding interactive password input. Test cases are also added.
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6.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
224 lines
6.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
====
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MSCP
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====
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:Date: v0.1.3-15-g9908fb3
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NAME
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====
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mscp - copy files over multiple SSH connections
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SYNOPSIS
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========
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**mscp** [**-vqDHdNh**] [ **-n**\ *NR_CONNECTIONS* ] [
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**-m**\ *COREMASK* ] [ **-u**\ *MAX_STARTUPS* ] [ **-I**\ *INTERVAL* ] [
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**-s**\ *MIN_CHUNK_SIZE* ] [ **-S**\ *MAX_CHUNK_SIZE* ] [
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**-a**\ *NR_AHEAD* ] [ **-b**\ *BUF_SIZE* ] [ **-l**\ *LOGIN_NAME* ] [
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**-p**\ \| **-P**\ *PORT* ] [ **-F**\ *CONFIG* ] [ **-i**\ *IDENTITY* ]
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[ **-c**\ *CIPHER* ] [ **-M**\ *HMAC* ] [ **-C**\ *COMPRESS* ] *source
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... target*
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DESCRIPTION
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===========
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**mscp** copies files over multiple SSH (SFTP) connections by multiple
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threads. It enables transferring (1) multiple files simultaneously and
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(2) a large file in parallel, reducing the transfer time for a lot
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of/large files over networks.
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The usage of **mscp** imitates the **scp** command of *OpenSSH,* for
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example:
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::
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$ mscp srcfile user@example.com:dstfile
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Remote hosts only need to run standard **sshd** supporting the SFTP
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subsystem, and users need to be able to **ssh** to the hosts as usual.
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**mscp** does not require anything else.
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**mscp** uses `libssh <https://www.libssh.org>`__ as its SSH
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implementation. Thus, supported SSH features, for example,
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authentication, encryption, and various options in ssh_config, follow
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what *libssh* supports.
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OPTIONS
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=======
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**-n NR_CONNECTIONS**
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Specifies the number of SSH connections. The default value is
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calculated from the number of CPU cores on the host with the
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following formula: floor(log(nr_cores)*2)+1.
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**-m COREMASK**
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Configures CPU cores to be used by the hexadecimal bitmask. All CPU
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cores are used by default.
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**-u MAX_STARTUPS**
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Specifies the number of concurrent outgoing SSH connections. **sshd**
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limits the number of simultaneous SSH connection attempts by
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*MaxStartups* in *sshd_config.* The default *MaxStartups* is 10;
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thus, we set the default MAX_STARTUPS 8.
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**-I INTERVAL**
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Specifies the interval (in seconds) between SSH connection attempts.
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Some firewall products treat SSH connection attempts from a single
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source IP address for a short period as a brute force attack. This
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option inserts intervals between the attempts to avoid being
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determined as an attack. The default value is 0.
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**-s MIN_CHUNK_SIZE**
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Specifies the minimum chunk size. **mscp** divides a file into chunks
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and copies the chunks in parallel.
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**-S MAX_CHUNK_SIZE**
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Specifies the maximum chunk size. The default is file size divided by
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the number of connections.
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**-a NR_AHEAD**
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Specifies the number of inflight SFTP commands. The default value is
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32.
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**-b BUF_SIZE**
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Specifies the buffer size for I/O and transfer over SFTP. The default
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value is 16384. Note that the SSH specification restricts buffer size
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delivered over SSH. Changing this value is not recommended at
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present.
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**-v**
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Increments the verbose output level.
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**-q**
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Quiet mode: turns off all outputs.
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**-D**
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Dry-run mode: it scans source files to be copied, calculates chunks,
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and resolves destination file paths. Dry-run mode with **-vv** option
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enables confirming files to be copied and their destination paths.
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**-r**
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No effect. **mscp** copies recursively if a source path is a
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directory. This option exists for just compatibility.
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**-l LOGIN_NAME**
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Specifies the username to log in on the remote machine as with
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*ssh(1).*
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**-p,-P PORT**
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Specifies the port number to connect to on the remote machine as with
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ssh(1) and scp(1).
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**-F CONFIG**
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Specifies an alternative per-user ssh configuration file. Note that
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acceptable options in the configuration file are what *libssh*
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supports.
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**-i IDENTITY**
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Specifies the identity file for public key authentication.
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**-c CIPHER**
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Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfer. See
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`libssh features <https://www.libssh.org/features/>`__.
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**-M HMAC**
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Specifies MAC hash algorithms. See `libssh
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features <https://www.libssh.org/features/>`__.
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**-C COMPRESS**
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Enables compression: yes, no, zlib, zlib@openssh.com. The default is
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none. See `libssh features <https://www.libssh.org/features/>`__.
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**-H**
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Disables hostkey checking.
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**-d**
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Increments the ssh debug output level.
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**-N**
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Enables Nagle's algorithm. It is disabled by default.
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**-h**
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Prints help.
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EXIT STATUS
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===========
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Exit status is 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
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ENVIRONMENT
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===========
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**mscp** recognizes the following environment variables.
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**MSCP_SSH_AUTH_PASSWORD**
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This environment variable passes a password for password
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authentication to establish SSH connections.
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**MSCP_SSH_AUTH_PASSPHRASE**
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This environment variable passes a passphrase for public-key
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authentication for establishing SSH connections.
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NOTES
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=====
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**mscp** uses glob(3) for globbing pathnames, including matching
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patterns for local and remote paths. However, globbing on the *remote*
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side does not work with musl libc (used in Alpine Linux and the
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single-binary version of mscp) because musl libc does not support
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GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC.
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**mscp** does not support remote-to-remote copy, which **scp** supports.
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EXAMPLES
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========
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Copy a local file to a remote host with different name:
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::
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$ mscp ~/src-file 10.0.0.1:copied-file
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Copy a local file and a directory to /tmp at a remote host:
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::
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$ mscp ~/src-file dir1 10.0.0.1:/tmp
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In a long fat network, following options might improve performance:
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::
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$ mscp -n 64 -m 0xffff -a 64 -c aes128-gcm@openssh.com src 10.0.0.1:
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**-n** increases the number of SSH connections than default, **-m** pins
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threads to specific CPU cores, **-a** increases asynchronous inflight
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SFTP WRITE/READ commands, and **-c aes128-gcm@openssh.com** will be
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faster than the default chacha20-poly1305 cipher, particularly on hosts
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that support AES-NI.
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SEE ALSO
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========
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**scp**\ (1), **ssh**\ (1), **sshd**\ (8).
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PAPER REFERENCE
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===============
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Ryo Nakamura and Yohei Kuga. 2023. Multi-threaded scp: Easy and Fast
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File Transfer over SSH. In Practice and Experience in Advanced Research
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Computing (PEARC '23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York,
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NY, USA, 320–323. `DOI <https://doi.org/10.1145/3569951.3597582>`__.
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CONTACT INFROMATION
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===================
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For pathces, bug reports, or feature requests, please open an issue on
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`GitHub <https://github.com/upa/mscp>`__.
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AUTHORS
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=======
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Ryo Nakamura <upa@haeena.net>
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